Tourette Syndrome/dis

Running head : TOURETTE SYNDROMETourette SyndromeNameCollegeDate Tourette SyndromeTourette syndrome (TS ) is a chronic , familial , neurobiological dis with itsonset in childhood and is marked by presence of impulsive motor movements and sounds , known as motor and vocal tics individually (Bagheri , Kerbeshian Burd , 1999 . According to Lingui-Systems (1999 cited in Prestia , 2003 , approximately 1 in separately 2 ,500 individuals suffer from TS , with boys being diagnosed more frequently than girls Tourette s syndrome as well known as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (after its discoverer Georges Gilles de la Tourette , a French neurologist , lot be considered to be the nigh complex and severe manifestation of the spectrum of tic bruise (Kwak Jankovic , 2002Etiology and PathogenesisThe exact bring in of TS is not known . TS is supposed to pitch a multifactorialetiology with , transmissible and environmental factors playing an important role in its command . Concordance rate of about 60 in monozygotic twins and 10 in dizygotic twins mention genetic basis behind TS (Bagheri et al , 1999 . The mode of infection system of Tourette s syndrome is controversial . Though the exact patho-physiological mechanism profound the affection has yet not been discovered , abnormalities in chief(a) ganglia (shown in figure 1 ) and frontal cortex have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Tourette s syndrome (Bagheri et al Abnormality in secernment of neuro-transmitters oddly dopamine is also thought to be associated with TS (Bagheri et alFigure1 . read/write head Structures snarled in Tourette SyndromeSource : John Henkel , J (2006 . Food and medicine court . Retrieved on 21 April 2007 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Image :Brain_structure .gifSymptomsTourette s syndrome follows a fluctuating course in most children Symptomsusually appe! ar at about 6-7 years of age . Many factors like perplexity stress , substance abuse etc can intensify tics . cope of tics (both motor and vocal ) is characteristic of TS .

According to American psychiatrical Association s Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental cave in , fourth edition- text revision (DSM-IV-TR , 2000 , tics are defined as sudden , rapid , purposeless , repetitive , non-rhythmic stereotyped movements or vocalizations . Tics in TS are not constantly present (except in extremely severe cases ) and occur on a scene of normal motor activity (Kwak Jankovic , 2002 . This dis usually begins with simplex tics which draw in ahead over time into more complex ones unlike types of simple and complex tics as described by Bagheri et al (1999 ) which can be seen in patients with TS have been enumerated in defer 1 . Besides TS , tics can be seen associated with other neurologic diss like (encephalitis , Huntington s disease etc . These secondary tics , not associated with Tourette syndrome are commonly referred to as tourettism (Bagheri et al , 1999Table 1 .Common Types of Tics Seen in Patients with Tourette SyndromeSIMPLE TICS thickening TICSMotor tics song or phonic tics Motor tics Vocal or phonic ticsEye blinking Throat clearing Flapping fortify talk of the town to oneselfSticking tongue out Sniffing Facial grimacing assuming different intonationsHead move Barking Adjusting or picking at vestments Coprolalia blurting out grimy or socially inappropriate...If you want to grab a bounteous essay, order it on our website: Or derCustomPaper.com

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