9 Tips for Managing Exam Stress

9 Tips for Managing Exam Stress Do you struggle with exam stress? Do you grapple with test-style performance anxiety? It’s all good and perfectly natural for the vast majority of human beings. So relax, and read this 4-minute article full of tips for managing said stress. Enjoy! 1. Come Prepared The more prepared you are the more in-control you’ll feel. You’ll be confident and inspired rather than under slept and on the edge of sheer panic. When you slack off, excessively procrastinate or rely on ineffective study habits test time can be a nightmarish experience! So start studying early, set a study schedule in stone and stick to it, and make sure that come test time you’ve got your ducks in a row. Also, you should find out all the details about the exams. Check out which 15 questions you must ask your professor before finals. 2. Sleep Like 10 Hours! Now, the more prepared you are for the test the easier you’ll sleep the night before. If you didn’t procrastinate then on the day before the test you shouldn’t have a tremendous amount to do other than simply brush up on things you already know and go over them one last time. That’s it. So it should be easy to crash early and get up early. Refreshed, mentally awake and ready to ace it! If you dont feel confident and want to study at night, then at least find out how to study for a test the night before effectively. 3. Get Adequate Micronutrients First of all, don’t skip breakfast on test day. And, eat a healthy breakfast. In fact, if you eat healthy in general your mind is going to work better†¦Eat organics. Eat fresh fruits and veggies. Stay away from over processed, preserved and packaged foods. It’s going to help you stay in shape and seriously, that translates into a sharper mind. 4. Stay Away from Stimulants Don’t drink coffee in the morning of the test. You should have gotten plenty of sleep the night before. Stay away from high sugar/caffeine energy drinks as well because they’ll typically cause you to crash. What if you crash during the test and pass out, drooling on your test? It’s not a good idea to consume this stuff when you need to be on your game. 5. Avoid Perfectionism You can actually take things too seriously and cause yourself to draw a big fat blank during the test! Perfectionism is creepy and it causes heart attacks dude. Yes, A’s are awesome. We all know that, but keep things in perspective please. B’s and C’s get degrees as well. Do your best of course, but don’t have a stroke in the process. 6. Call Mom or Dad In other words, if you’re feeling super-stressed out just call someone that cares about you and have a chat. Let it out! Talk to someone older that’s been through it. Talk to your professor. Talk to someone that understands. Conversation can be a HUGE stress reliever and it gives you a chance to verbalize what you’ve been neck-deep in for a while. 7. Keep Negativity In Check Depression and anxiety are rampant on modern college campuses today. Exercise and proper nutrition are going to work wonders, along with staying away from artificial stimulants. Furthermore, adequate sleep really helps as well. But, at the end of the day your attitude is going to be a pretty big indicator of how you’ll perform on a test. Keep your attitude confident and upbeat and you’ll do things you never imagined you could! 8. Don’t Study Alone Think of taking a big test like going into battle. No one wants to head out into the field of war alone. No one wants to face the hordes all by their lonesome. When you know that you’re taking tests with friends or study partners, it feels like a shared load. Studying in groups is genius. Really, it pays off in more ways than one. You meet people. You feel more relaxed during tests. The studying is typically better quality. The list goes on and on and it can really be a stress reliever. 9. Take Breaks This goes along with obsessive compulsive perfectionism. Don’t take things so seriously that you never disengage and give your psyche a break for a month before the test. If you’ve done your homework regularly, attended class, taken good notes and studied along the way you’ll do fine! Make sure to do other stuff. Go out and see a movie. Play some basketball. Go on a hike. Get your back waxed. Something! Yes, at the end of the day college can be reduced to a number of critical tests that determine whether you get a degree or not. That’s true. But exam stress doesn’t do you a whole lot of good. If you use it like an iron hot cattle prod behind you, propelling you to do the right thing, then that’s great! But if you let the stress consume you it’s only going to brutalize your scores. What do you do to handle exam stress and anxiety and come out on top? Don’t be shy, because you could really help someone in a time of dire need here.

Instagram as Tool for Social Science Research

Instagram as Tool for Social Science Research In the recent decades, advancements in technologies have dramatically changed the research process across all disciplines. Some of these innovations have revolutionized research with titanic and far-reaching implications. The internet, for instance, has made it easy to access information and communicate across long distances. Some of these innovations are slightly less revolutionary but with tremendous impacts on research.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instagram as Tool for Social Science Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Online social media platforms are examples of modest innovations whose impact on research-related tasks can only be felt cumulatively through daily interactions. With a base of 90 million active users monthly and over 40 million photos posted each day, Instagram is a powerful tool for social science research (Titlow, 2013). The innovation uses hash tags to allow users share similar informa tion. A researcher can visit those hash tags to get vivid graphical results on a research topic. This paper will demonstrate that despite its shortcomings as a source of social problems, Instagram is a powerful research tool on virtually all social sciences disciplines. Kevin Systrom and Michel Krieger, a Brazilian, developed Instagram in the beginning of 2010 (How did it Impact Society? –Instagram, n.d., par 3).The innovation got a financial boast from venture fund investment in March 2010. One year later, Instagram discovered hash tag, afeature that allows users to share and discover similar information and photos. Like-minded Instagrammers create specific hash tags to help them discover each other. Instagram became very popular and hit over million users in 2010. With invention of the hash tag feature, this number rose to 10 million in 2011. By August 2012, the innovation had over 100 million photos uploaded on its service. This number surpassed one billion in 2012. Each s econd, Instagram receives fifty-eightphotos and one new user on its service. Renowned personalities and celebrities have created Instagram profiles. This allows them to share photos and videos with their followers and fans. The innovation, though modest, has exceedingly many users on its platform. It is in recognition of the growth that Times listed it as the Best Android Application for 2013. Instagram has gigantic impacts on research, some positive and others negative. To start with, the innovation provides a platform for expression of opinions through photos. Images are very powerful in sharing opinion especially in a world saturated with text. Instagram users post captivating images on their profiles. It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words (Prives, n.d., par 4).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social activists, opinion shapers, and commentators p ost photographs that capture issues affecting their worlds. It is thus easy for a researcher to discover people’s opinions on different aspects of life. It is also a powerful tool for social and political mobilization. In the aftermath of a devastating earthquake in Indonesia, people used Instagram photographs to highlight the humanitarian crisis in the country. Through these images, it was possible to appeal to people’s emotions and mobilize help. A researcher can therefore find Instagram extremely useful in such areas.  Instagram allows users to interact with people they would never have contacted before. By sharing pictures, people miles away stay connected. Through hash tags, like-minded people interact with one another as they share ideas, jokes, and exchange pictures. The more people share and interact, the more societies build social and political ties. A social researcher interested in studying the influence of celebrities on teenagers can use Instagram. A ph oto of a celebrity dressed in a certain fashion can attract many young people to dress in the same way and share their photos. Another benefit of Instagram as a research tool is the ease in access to vast amounts of information. The innovation has made it possible to access readily available resources at a click of a mouse. Researchers do not have to read volumes of newspaper or sit down for hours watching or listening to news. Instead, they can search for a relevant hash tag and get all relevant information. For instance, a search on the â€Å"#fiscalcliff† hash tag generates in excess of five thousand pictures. A search on the hash tag â€Å"#new† has more than three hundred thousand images. Instagram as a tool for research in social sciences is therefore convenient, fast, and highly resourceful. In spite of being resourceful and convenient as a research tool, Instagram has several negative consequences on users. To start with, the innovation has led to emergence of narcissistic stars of social media platform. Rinosa (2013)reports that the hash tag â€Å"#me† is the third in popularity in Instagram. Through this hash tag, young people share explicit self-images. Additionally, young users upload too much personal details on this platform. They spend most of their time on cellphones sharing where they visit, what they eat, among other details. This leads to social awkwardness as young people are detached from the real world. It is impossible to regulate what people share on Instagram. The platform therefore contributes to erosion of moral fabric and cyber bullying.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instagram as Tool for Social Science Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Personally, I have been an Instagrammer since 2010. I signed up to the invention under influence from friends when I was in high school. The invention has had many effects on my personal life and as a c ollege student. At a personal level, I interact with friends and share photos. I also get information on what is happening around the globe. It had never occurred to me that Instagram is a powerful research tool until I ran out of information while explaining something to friends. We decided to search for the information on a particular hash tag on Instagram. We were overwhelmed by the amount of readily available information on the hash tag. We got many images that helped us to understand our topic better. Since then, I realized the truism in the statement that a picture is worth more than a thousand words. Whenever I need information on something, I simply search for the particular hash tag. I did the same during the Halloween and the photos that came up inundated me. In conclusion, technology will play a big role in future research. Instagram, for instance, has plans to have a video-sharing feature on its service. By using this feature, it will be possible to share and watch video s online. For researchers, this is an opportunity for clear evidence in the course of research. With the recent acquisition by Facebook Inc., Instagram has obtained financial muzzle to develop more features (Titlow, 2013). Instagram has several shortcomings including social awkwardness and rise of narcissistic online stars. However, this does not negate the invention’s power as a social science tool. With ninety million monthly users and an even higher photo sharing capability, researchers cannot ignore this vital tool. Rather thanincur high expenditure on other tools, researchers can exploit the convenience offered by Instagram as research tool in social science subjects. References How did it Impact Society? Instagram. (n.d.). Web.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prives, G. (n.d.). Instagram and its Impact on the World of Photography. Digital Photography School Instagram and its Impact on the World of Photography Comments. Web. Rinosa, M. (2013). 4 Ways Instagram Has Redefined Teen Culture. Web. Titlow, J. (2013). #Me: Instagram Narcissism And The Scourge Of The  Selfie. Web.

Selling drugs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Selling drugs - Assignment Example Comprehending the best managerial practices to use in handling the challenge of drug selling in the workplace adeptly prepares me for the challenging managerial environment as well as imparts on me the ethical practices in the workplace. The Controlled Substances Act specifies that it is illegal for any person to distribute or be in possession of substances listed under the Act, including drugs. Through questionnaire and literature review, it is uncovered that many employees sell or use drug in the workplace. Since the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) prohibits an employer from discriminating against employees, industrial front-line supervisors should not discriminate any employee on the fact that they sell or use drugs in the workplace. They should: The paper wraps up by reiterating the importance of supervisors using nest practices in handling drug selling in the workplace. It emphasizes the importance of effective communication, and positive supervisor-employees, and supervisor-management relationships in curbing drug selling in the

Physiological Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Physiological Psychology - Assignment Example It answers to stress by augmenting the heart rate and flow of blood to the muscles. It encompasses quick response and hence concerned with â€Å"fight or flight†. Parasympathetic nervous system, encompass cranial nerves (nerves of brain) and also the lower spinal nerves i.e. nerves of sacral region. Action of this system counteracts the sympathetic actions by increasing digestive secretions and decreasing the heartbeat. It is concerned with â€Å"rest and digest†. It is evident that ANS encompass afferent pathways that includes information from the viscera and brain and hence maintains the homeostasis. It has both sensory and motor neurons to carry the information to and from the brain and spinal cord. An action potential along the axon is dependent on influx of sodium ions and efflux of potassium ions. The phases of action potential are: rising phase- In the resting state the inside of the neuronal cell is polarized (-70mv) as compared to its outside charge. Therefore, it is polarized. Excitatory neurotransmitters like aspartate and glutamate released from their pre-synaptic neurons attach to post-synaptic dendrites, sodium channels open up leading to influx of positively charged sodium ion gradually more and more sodium ion channel open up resulting in positive charge inside the cell (+40mv inside cell) and the cell is said to be depolarized. Falling phase- sodium ion channels are closed and potassium ion channels open up as a result potassium being an intracellular ion moves out through these channels and by this process there is a net loss of positive charge as potassium is positively charged ion. Myelinated axons prevent the back diffusion of ions to outer space and ensure a fast and rapid conduction of action potentials. Myelinated neurons contains nodes of Ranvier, through this action potential jumps, this is called salutatory conduction. The

Homework3 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework3 - Article Example This is to mean that the correlation between theory and practice is the fact that theory is distracted practice while practice is practical theory. In this regard, the ones focusing on practice often argue that the believers of theory are detached from the real experience of the actual happenings in the world. On the contrary, the believers of theory argue that practice alone is not enough, as practice must touch on theory that forms the basics of what they do (McKenna &Rooney, 2005). Contradictions will, therefore, ensue as both schools of thought believe that malpractices shape each other’s thoughts. The major question, for that reason, focuses on whether following a specific set rules determines which of the two is valid (McKenna &Rooney, 2005). Theoretically, one would argue that there is no major disparity between practice and theory. However, for the case of practice, the difference is major; thus, contradictions. McKenna, B. &Rooney, D. (2005).  Wisdom Management: Tensions Between Theory And Practice In Practice. In: KMAP 2005 Knowledge Management in Asia Pacific Conference: Building a Knowledge Society, School of Information Management and the School of Government: Victoria University of Wellington, New

Rhyniophytes Seedless Vascular Plants Characteristics

Rhyniophytes Seedless Vascular Plants Characteristics Rhyniophytes are a group of fossil plants, which compose the first land flora, These seedless vascular plants that developed during the early Devonian period and during the Paleozic era, occurred in the Rhynie Chert deposit. Some signs of this appeared as early as in the Silurian period as well. The first land flora is a clasificationof three extinct earlyvascular plant groups (the Rhyniophytes, the Zosterophyllophytes and the Trimerophytes), that flourished around 425to370million years ago. Despite the fact that these were very simple plants containing no seeds, flowers, and were even leafless, they bear a very striking resemblance to the plants we see today. The vascular tissue was comprised of a protostele or of one vascular bundle. A number of unicellular organisms were preserved in this location, such as fungi primitive plants and arthropods, leading researchers to believe that conditions were perfect for the process. The Rhyniophyta are notorious thanks to the prominent fossil record held in the village of Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Rhynia, one of the most notable plant groups, are primarily characterized by their moderately small structure and dichotomous branches, with various lateral branches, most of which was common in all three groups with minor differences in size and location of sporangia. In the Rhynia, the sporangia were located mainly at the top of the main branches, but were usually overtaken by the growth of lateral branches. The sporangia present in the fossils found, contain enough cellular detail to tell which plants are the sporophyte generation. Significant unique features, like reproductive structures, can be seen connected to their parent plants, thanks to the fact the plants were buried in-situ. Fossils also showed first indication of wounding by insects in the form of penetrating wounds, likely by arthropods. Another important characteristic to take note of is homospory, each plant having the same size spores. This gives resear chers more information into the kind of ecosystems these early plants evolved. During the second land flora or the coal age in specific regions of the globe, such as North America and Europe, were covered by shallow seas and swamps where favorable conditions yielded year-round growth with a tropical climate. Given these conditions five groups of plants thrived during this period, three of which were seedless vascular plants ferns, lycophytes, and equisetophytes. The other two dominante plants were of the gymnospermous type, the seed fern and the cordaites. These more complex groups dated from the late Devonian (375 million years ago) through the Carboniferous (290 million years ago). During the carboniferous period plants such as these grow high it the sky producing forests, but became extinct due to a time of increasing tropical drought during the Late Paleozoic. Leaving behind only a few relatives such as the herbaceous, several groups of ferns, and the conifers; some of these plants such as the fern and the herbaceous still exist today. The plants of this pe riod were classified by having more modern characteristics, things like pseudomonopodial branching, monopodial branching, microphyllous leaves, and sporophylls leaf that covered the sporangia. Even ferns, had developed megaphyllous leaves and eusteles. The third flora more commonly known as the gymnosperm flora signifies a sequence of evolutionary lines of seed baring plants. Late into the Paleozoic era the progymnosperms existed, which is considered to be the intermediate between the seedless vascular plants and the gymnosperns that predominantly characterize the later period. The progymnosperms carried some of the traits for their predecessors as well as their successors, with the production of secondary xylem similar to living conifers and reproducing by means of freely dispersed spores, but most importantly the presence of a bifacial vascular cambrium. Progymnosperms became extinct around 340 million years ago in the Mississippian period. Evidence suggests that seed plants developed from similar plants such as these. Gymnosperm, which means naked seed, is a broad expressive term for plants like conifers, which have seeds that are borne naked, the primary characteristic of the classification. They are pollinated by wind. It was the global climate change that brought an end to the Carboniferous Period and the succeeding growth of the third major land flora, set apart by forests of gymnosperms. The extinct gymnosperms existed from Devonian period up until the Jurassic and range from a number of groups and characteristics. The Ptericdospermales or seed ferns and Cordaitles varied in form, from plants that looked like tree ferns to smaller slender branch plants. There are also a number of extinct Mesozic plants that are included with the gymnosperms on occasion, with seed ferns as well as a series of other Carboniferous and Devonian seed ferns being inclded. There is also some debate as to the lineage of the Bennettitales, which was an enigmatic group of Mesozoic gymnosperms characterized by its palm like leaves that faded out during the Cretaceous period. The four phyla of gymnosperms that came about still have existing representatives, which including the Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta and Ginkgophyta. The relationship between the four groups is still uncertain. Gymnosperm forests grew dominate for almost 150 million years, well into the Cretaceous Period where they began to diminish in size, around 145 million years ago. They became overshadowed by the flowering plants that emerged and ultimately rose to dominance around 90 million years ago. What resemble modern day cycads and cycadeoids first emerged at the end of the Paleozoic Era, approximately 290 million years ago and became plentiful in the Mesozoic Era, characterized by the dominate trait of the period the cone. Cycadeoids fell to extinct before the end of the Cretaceous period, but conifers being the most abundant group of gymnosperms, still live on today with around 7 families and ap 600 species. Conifer is a woody plant and most are evergreens. The leaves of conif er are long, thin and needle-like such as pine. Ginkgophyta is a monotypic phylum that lives on through one species, Ginkgo biloba or more commonly known as Ginkgo, which has spanned over 150 million years. It has reproductive qualities like the cycads and vegetative qualities much like the conifers. Gnetophytes are considered to be the closest existing relations to the flowering plant, dating back all the way to the early Cretaceous. Angiosperm, which literally means covered seed, is a broad expressive term for flowering plants whose ovules or seed are covered by the ovary. The angiosperms comprise only a single phylum, while gymnosperms consist of several phyla. The phylum consists of two major classes, Monocotyledones and the Eudicotyledones as well as a much less sophisticated and primitive group called Magnoliids, all of which encompass approximately 235,000 different species of plants. Flowering plants started to appear during the Cretaceous period, about 125 million years ago. They are considered to be the most successful vascular plants to evolve, since they are the largest, most widespread, and diverse. Some of the possible causes for the flowering plants success include a range of adaptations for drought confrontation, together with the development of the deciduous habit, as well as, possibly the most important, the evolution of resourceful and specific systems for pollination and seed distribution. The first recognized flowering plant was the Archaefructus, which was only recently discovered. It has many of the major characteristics of angiosperms including slight roots, floral axes with sealed carpels on top as well as sealed stamens at the bottom, and bisected leaves, Angiosperms major characteristics consist of the most concentrated megagametophytes and microgametophytes of the vascular plants, fruits, flowers, ovules with two integuments, and double fertilization. Vessel elements are present in flowering plants xylem and in their phloem there are sieve tube elements. Some plants like the primitive class mentioned earlier lack these cell types. Sporophylls are leaves that folded to enclose the sporangia, which was most likely a defense mechanism to protect the reproductive materials. Different sporophylls undertake different jobs, while some produced male sporangia which became the stamens, others produced the female reproductive structure or pistil and some that dont produce reproductive sporophylls became the petals and sepals. The anther, which are the folded sporophyll that are positioned at the tip of the stalk or filament, are the location of the male sporangia. In the sporangium, spores are formed which divide almost instantaneously to gen erate gametophytes. Once mature, the anthers open to discharge the mature male gametophytes or pollen grains. The pollen grain is carried by wind or by animal to the female gametophyte. When the male gametophytes find a well-matched stigma, a pollen tube develops to reach the female gametophytes, through the pistil and into the carpel. Flowering plants rely predominantly on insects for pollen transfer. Insects get a sweet nectar reward and as flowering plants discharge odors to draw bees, beetles, butterflies, and wasps to their blossoms. Other larger pollinators include bats, mothhawks, and hummingbirds. There has been a co-evolution of flowering plants and their pollinators as modifications of plants and pollinators have been a key factor in the success of the flowering plant, which can be seen with an look at the flowering plant visitors.

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay -- Quid pro quo harassment, h

Sexual harassment is a crippling reality in the work environment. The effects can be ravaging to an organization, to the individual harassed, fellow employees, and the harasser. Sexual harassment is not necessarily about sex, it is certainly about power. When someone at work uses sexual behavior to control you, whether it is behavioral or physical in nature, that is sexual harassment. The exploration of this issue will include a definition of sexual harassment, the intent and behavior of the harasser, the effects sexual harassment has on the harassed, the negative impact sexual harassment has on an organization, procedures and processes of filing a sexual harassment complaint, and management perspective including preventive measures that should be taken. Sexual harassment is defined as any form of unwelcome physical conduct of a sexual nature. "Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual?s employment, unreasonable interferes with an individual?s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment." (www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-sex.html). The most extreme form of sexual harassment occurs when an employee loses a job; benefit or other privilege of employment, or is fired because the employee has rejected sexual demands. This is one form of sexual harassment that may occur in the workplace. "This type of sexual harassment of sexual harassment is referred to as quid pro quo which literally means ?this for that?, a specific demand for sexual favors in exchange for job security or job benefits. This type of sexual ... ... A. Mitsubishi settles Workers? Disputes under pressure from NOW. NOW. (Fall 1998) Internet: http://www.now.org/nnt/fall-98/wfw.html 3. Larsen, Shawn. Sexual Harassment-frequencies by gender. (September 1995) Internet: http://www.vix.com/pub/men/harass/studies/larsen.html 4. McCoy-Ullrich,Dawn. Sexual harassment at work. Lifewise: Office Politics. (May 2000) Internet: http://www.acmi.canoe.ca/LifewiseWorkOffice00/0515_dawn.html 5. Myrianthopoulos, Thalia. Supreme Court Restricts Civil Rights Remedies. NOW. (Fall, 1999) Internet: http://www.now.org/nnt/fall-99/spcourt.html 6. http://www.pennellseminars.com/seminars_sexual_harassment.html 7. http://ww.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-sex.html 8.http://www.resourcehr.com/Dealing%20With%2?1%20Harassment%20in%20the%20Workplace.html 9.http://www.flabar.org/newflabar/consumerservices/General/Consumer.Pam/37PAMPH.HTML

Operations Management †Toyota Essay

Introduction Toyota is the leading manufacturer of automobiles in the World today. Looking back at the history of Toyota, the company was on the brink of bankruptcy by the end of 1949, however Toyota has successfully gained the status of number one car manufacturer in the World and has held onto that status even though Toyota has faced massive hurdles over the past 5 years. A major factor to the success of Toyota is due to effective Quality Management in the form of company practices that have been replicated all over the World by major organisation’s to date. Toyota engages a stringent management system based on founding principles of operations management and excellence, such as the Toyota Production System (TPS). By spearheading such programmes, Toyota has enjoyed substantial growth and worldwide success. Throughout this assignment I shall explore the importance of Toyota’s operations management schemes and measure the relative success of the overall strategic managements objectives. 1.1 The Importance of effective operations management in achieving organizational objectives of Toyota as a leading manufacturer and supplier of automobiles? Operations Management can be simply defined as the function of effectively and efficiently managing the process of production and business operations both internally and externally. A simple definition however does not do justice for the broad scope that encompasses operations management and the vital role it plays in making an organisation successful and competitive in today’s market. Companies that employ a successful operations management programme have strategic planning, tactical input and operational success. Companies that do not utilise this operations function face difficulties in market trend short sightedness and lack of competitive edge that can ultimately result in a decline of customers, loss of market share and eventual closure of the company. Operations management as a key strategy can be implemented through all facets of a company, from the front end of the company dealing with the customers, to the process side of the company dealing with developing a product or offering a service. To effectively engage operations management, is to maintain operations excellence, which in turn is the function of remaining consistent and never dropping below that set platform of quality. Toyota was a relatively unknown entity when it opened its first car dealership in the US in 1957, some 5 decades later it is the Worlds No. 1 automobile manufacturer. Toyota has achieved this greatly in part due to the successful operations management practices pioneered in the organisation. These practices can be seen as a benchmark for excellence and success. Such practices, as the world renowned Toyota Production System or TPS have become a way of life in the organisation. The TPS philosophy is to provide the best quality, lowest cost and shortest lead-time through the elimination of waste. The TPS incorporates an urge for effectiveness within the organisation, this has in turn driven Toyota’s success, by making Toyota effective in understanding it’s customers needs and efficiently and effectively catering for those needs. Corporate goals have trickled down throughout the company being driven by a revolutionary Toyota Production System that has secured an efficient f low of productivity from Toyota’s supply chain, to manufacturing and subsequently catering for the customers needs on both quality and value. This has given Toyota a competitive edge over other car manufacturers and has been a driving force behind its success. Once an effective quality management system is in place, it is important to maintain and improve on it, Toyota successfully does this through a process called â€Å"Kaizen.† Kaizen which literally means â€Å"Change† and â€Å"Good† is the process of breaking apart the current situation, analysing it and quickly putting it back together, in a better way, i.e. a change for good. With the Kaizen philosophy working hand in hand with the TPS, Toyota has been able to further reduce â€Å"Waste† and improve on company processes making the organisation more efficient, more effective and more competitive. Kaizen also encourages employees to be free thinkers, which is part of a decentralised management process that encourages innovation. Kaizen constantly determines new ways to improve on processes, be it in the manufacturing facility, supply chain, identifying market trends or administration processes, kaizen as an operations management function has helped Toyota become a leading manufacturer. Another technique that can be attributed to successful strategic operations management and is a major contributor to the company’s success is the offensive strategy applied by Toyota. Toyota is a long-term planner, not necessarily responding to quarterly numbers, but rather pioneering the technological advances. A good example of this is with the Toyota Prius Hybrid, which when it was launched in 2000, the price of fuel was still reasonable comparably to todays terms. This far sightedness has guaranteed Toyota success and earned them an image of being a pioneer of Green initiatives and helped them stay one step ahead of the competition. It is fair to say that Toyota’s massive success over the past few decades is due to a constant belief in strong management principles and the continuous advancement of these principles, innovation and strategic alignment. These principles all fall under effective operations management and if it wasn’t for Toyota’s continuous strive for strategic alignment, then the company would not be as successful as it is today. 1.2 Critically evaluate the success of existing operations management processes in meeting Toyota’s overall strategic management objectives To date, we can see that the overall effect of the operations management processes in place at Toyota is a very positive one. Toyota has become the Worlds number 1 automobile manufacturer greatly due to the processes and company principles implemented through operations management. The decentralised management philosophy has paved the way for free thinkers, innovation and has kept Toyota ahead of the game. The â€Å"Just in time† principle, one of the pillars of TPS has helped Toyota maintain a healthy production load and not overburdened itself with excess stock, therefore helping Toyota focus revenue on other streams. The principle of Kaizen has pushed Toyota to always seek to better itself and be more effective. These principles implemented by operations management can be seen in the â€Å"Global Vision Statement† of Toyota. Global Vision â€Å"Toyota will lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most responsible ways of moving people. Through our commitment to quality, constant innovation and respect for the planet, we aim to exceed expectations and be rewarded with a smile. We will meet our challenging goals by engaging the talent and passion of people, who believe there is always a better way.† Toyota’s goals are clearly defined in the Global Vision statement above (www.toyota.com). Toyota has in most respects met that global visions statement and maintained it through the operations management processes in place. That is the rosy side to the knock on effects of Toyota’s operation management programmes, however, there is a downside too. Toyota, being famous for cost cutting initiatives but not at the expense of quality may have taken their own philosophy too far. In 2006 and 2007 Toyota faced a problem that they believed they would never face, a problem with quality. Toyota had to recall millions of cars due to faulty components. This came in the wake of massive earnings from profitable years before the problem occurred. These profits however were earned at the expense of cost cutting techniques and expanding too fast to manage the demand meeting the stringent Toyota quality standards. The recall did tarnish Toyota’s name somewhat in the market place, but they met this problem with the initiative we have come to expect from the World’s leading and innovative car manufacturer. Toyota quickly identified the problem and addressed it. It seemed to have occurred due to rapid expansion, having to open new manufacturing facilities and not being able to train staff the â€Å"Toyota way† due to lack of t ime to meet demand. This, I’m sure has served as a valuable lesson to Toyota, and has probably resulted in inward reviewing of the current operations management model; To what extent do we reduce â€Å"waste,† how many corners can we cut before we trade off or effect the quality of our product and inevitably the image of our brand? Another hurdle Toyota faced was the devastating natural disaster in the form of an earthquake and tsunami in 2011. This catastrophe shook the whole of Japan and the World. Toyota spearheaded the â€Å"Just in time† philosophy, an integral pillar of the Toyota Production system, that simply speaking means build what you need, when you need it. The principle behind this philosophy is sound, resulting in ease of production, less storage and less overheads, however in the wake of an unforeseen natural disaster it has huge negative consequences. Japan equates to 50-60% of Toyota’s total global manufacturing capabilities and also necessitates one of its largest supply chains. Due to the â€Å"Just in time† philosophy of only manufacturing products when required, Toyota faced a shortage of automobiles and supply chain products in the wake of the natural disasters that hit Japan. Other car manufacturers that have their global operations evenly spread throughout the World and within largest target markets and that also stock up on products would have been in a better position than Toyota to deal with the natural disaster that struck them. But as an overall evaluation of the operations management processes, you would be hard fetched to not be able to stand back and admire Toyota’s global success. Toyota has grown from a relatively unknown entity, into the World’s Number 1 automobile manufacturer. Toyota lost its crown as number 1 in 2011 after the devastating tsunami, but quickly bounced back to reclaim it in 2012, mainly due to its operations management processes and continuous strategic alignment. 2.1 List out top three quality initiatives and explain the importance of effective quality management and the role in achieving Toyota’s objectives Quality Management is vitally important if a company wishes to excel and compete effectively with its competition. Effective quality management can be introduced in many forms. I am going to discuss 3 of Toyota’s quality management processes that I have identified as having the most impact on overall operational excellence. Toyota Production System Kiichiro Toyoda the founder of the Toyota Automobile business firstly created the concept of â€Å"Just in time.† TPS was then further developed using this concept by Taichi Ohno the Toyota Chief of Production in the post World War 2 period. Toyota’s success as a leading automobile manufacturer is due to its unique production system. The concept of the TPS is to build the best quality, through the lowest cost, in the shortest lead-time through the elimination of waste. A simple definition can be found on the Toyota website; â€Å"The Toyota Production System (TPS) was established based on two concepts: The first is called â€Å"Jidoka† (which can be loosely translated as â€Å"automation with a human touch†) which means that when a problem occurs, the equipment stops immediately, preventing defective products from being produced; The second is the concept of â€Å"Just-in-Time,† in which each process produces only what is needed by the next process in a continuous flow.† (Toyota website www.toyota-global.com). The Just-in-Time philosophy involves 3 main aspects, TAKT Time, flow production and the pull system, which work together to form the main attributes of â€Å"Just-in-Time.† As is illustrated from the Toyota Production System â€Å"House,† the TPS as an operational management function aims to create a working harmony, that eliminates waste, develops efficiency through more automation and ultimately creates a better working environment that will benefit the customer. The use of â€Å"Jidoka† promotes fewer defects and when they do occur the problem can be rooted out immediately. TPS works as a solid foundation for the other operational management processes that are in place within Toyota and is an integral part of the company’s success. (This coupled with the ease of efficiently producing the highest quality product for the customer through the â€Å"Just-in-Time† philosophy has helped Toyota in achieving its objectives of being a leading manufacturer of the highest quality products. Kaizen Kaizen is a major factor when considering lean production techniques. The definition of Kaizen, which means â€Å"Change† and â€Å"Good† which equates to the meaning â€Å"A change for good,† literally is the process of making something better. Kaizen means breaking apart the current situation, analysing it and then putting it back together. A kaizen activity can last up to 5 days, in which a team is put to work to identify and significantly improve a process, through planning and then implementing it. A kaizen activity can result from a problem being identified or a need to improve on an aspect of the company manufacturing or process. The philosophy of Kaizen entails a process called â€Å"Gemba,† which is used for when a problem occurs, Toyota promotes going to the source of the problem, or going to the â€Å"Gemba†. Due to the automation or Jidoka in place, when a problem arises it is almost immediately identified and therefore less manufacturing defects arise. Gemba also encourages rooting out any problems straight away, it also entails developing a quick on the spot solution for an occurrence, until an effective one can be devised through the process of Kaizen. The technique of kaizen has been utilised by Toyota in developing a way of life within the organisation. Kaizen is promoted in every level and facet of the organisation. Employees are encouraged to be free thinkers and to constantly improve on processes, manufacturing techniques, time saving techniques and waste management. This has been fundamental in developing Toyota as a high quality and reliable brand name. The process of Kaizen is one of the top quality management initiatives that have been instrumental in Toyota reaching the top spot it enjoys today and of course maintaining that effectiveness. Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management (SCM) plays a major contribution to the success of a company, or be it the failure if the SCM function is not effective. Toyota has a unique philosophy when it comes to managing their supply chain. Toyota considers suppliers as partners and therefore invests in them. Toyota carefully manages its supply chain, making sure that the complete process works on a pull system, pulling products from the supply chain and into the manufacturing cycle only when it is required. Toyota can even loan out workers and higher management to overlook the supply chain operations when demand is high. Toyota works on joint understanding and trust and encourages relationship-building exercises that add to the sleekness functioning of the whole process of working with and dealing with Toyota. By developing long-term partnerships, the suppliers become a part of the Toyota team and fit into the â€Å"Toyota way,† which in turn makes them a more effective partner for Toyota. In o rder to stay competitive Toyota encourages the lean manufacturing principle throughout its supply chain, giving the highest quality product, at the lowest cost in the shortest lead-time. Through this investment and relationship building, Toyota has created a SCM system that can be relied on for both quality and efficiency. Toyota has developed a strategy for every aspect of the supply chain from logistics, to quality management, just in time and lean production. Toyota, knowing it is solely responsible for its supply chain in its customer’s eyes, has effectively developed the supply chain to become a part of Toyota itself. Because of such attention to detail and effective operations management techniques Toyota has realised its goals of becoming a leading manufacturer of automobiles and has maintained that position greatly in part by maintaining a consistency of quality by ensuring their supply chain is always efficient and effective. 2.2 Discuss the level of success of existing quality management processes in meeting Toyota’s overall strategic management objectives Toyota has grown to see enormous worldwide success, due to its constant quest for excellence. The most visible part of this drive for excellence is Toyota’s manufacturing philosophy the Toyota Production System (TPS). The foundation for Toyota’s strategic management objectives can be seen in this Quote. Waste (â€Å"muda† in Japanese) is ‘anything other than the minimum amount of equipment, materials, parts, space, and worker’s time, which are absolutely essential to add value to the product.’ — Shoichiro Toyoda Founder, Toyota It has and always will be the underlying principle of Toyota to cut down on waste and deliver the best quality product in the most efficient way, which means developing a smooth obstacle free manufacturing process, with little waste and inventory. Toyota achieved its strategic management objectives through revolutionary cutting edge operations management techniques that have been replicated all over the World. These principles of lean manufacturing drastically reduce â€Å"Costs† that are associated with holding inventory, equipment, material, people resources and save time, which in itself has a value. This has successfully helped Toyota to become more competitive and increase its net profit making it a strong and durable leading automobile manufacturer. Conclusion After World War 2, Toyota was faced with the reality that change was necessary if it wanted to succeed and grow into an automobile manufacturer that could compete with the World’s giants such as Ford. If it weren’t for the Operations Management processes implemented and fine-tuned over the years then Toyota would never have got off the ground. It is evident that the constant strategic goal of operating more efficiently has been the crucial factor in Toyota’s success, coupled with the decentralised management philosophy, allowing the company to freely think and improve itself from an operational standing. Today, Toyota stands as an educational example of strategic excellence and a success story for people and companies to admire throughout the World. Reference http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/csr_initiatives/corporate_governance.html http://www.toyota-global.com/investors/ir_library/annual/pdf/2011/p35_37.pdf http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2423 http://mediabuzz.monster.com/news/articles/944-toyota-a-once-mighty-brand-tarnished-how-it-all-went-wrong http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2011/04/08/japan-quake-tsunami-take-heavy-toll-on-toyota/ http://www.advancebusinessconsulting.com/advance!/strategic-alignment/strategi c-alignment-business-cases/the-rise-of-toyota.aspx Toyota Scm .slidesContainer img { border: none } var slideshare_object = { flagging: {"update_url":"https://www.slideshare.net/main/flag?slideshow_id=5704145","is_flagged":false}, user: {"userGroup":"non-member","login":"guest","id":null,"loggedin":false,"name":null,"is_valid_fbuser":false,"fb_userid":null,"is_pro":"false","su":false,"is_test_user":false,"has_uploads":null,"is_li_connected":false,"is_li_auto_created_user":false,"show_li_connect_cta":false,"has_privacy_enabled":null,"li_tracking_url":"https://www.linkedin.com/li/track"}, timer: { start: (new Date()).getTime(), end: '', execTime: '' }, top_nav: { get_url: "/top_nav"}, li_bar: {get_url: "/li_bar"}, dev: false, init: [], feature_flag: [], is_ssl: true, rum_pagekey: "desktop_slideview_embed_code_loggedout", slideshow: { id: 5704145, is_clickgen_enabled: 'false', clickgen_url: '' } }; var _jspl = {} _jspl.pageInitTime = (new Date()).getTime(); window._gaq = []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount','UA-2330466-1']); _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', '.slideshare.net']); _gaq.push(['_addIgnoredRef', 'slideshare.net']); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 2, 'document_referrer', document.referrer]); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/embedPlayerView']); (function(){ // google analytics var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 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Ecommerce, comparison essays

Ecommerce, comparison essays I believe that the most representative storefront website in the internet is Amazon.com. While Amazons cosmetic design has been very consistent during all these years, I believe that the key to Amazons success is no solely based on its technical virtues, but a flexible and innovative business plan. While there are many online bookstores with very well designed online storefronts, these websites are just an extra sales point and not the main source of sales. On the other hand, Amazons website is their only point of sales, and what many thought was a weakness, actually became its key to success. A website storefront costs a fraction of what it takes to open the equivalent nationwide network of stores, and at the same time, it means that resources can be focused on issues more directly related to customer satisfaction. Instead of having to stock hundreds of separate stores nationwide, Amazons centralized warehouse was able to offer the largest selection of books to all of its customers. Accessing the store through the internet allowed Amazon to gather information about their customers with almost 0 overhead costs. By recording what each customer browses, Amazon has the equivalent of an individual marketing survey for each of its customers. While other stores try to have the best collection of books to match their customers, based on location, economic level and other factors, Amazon was able to tailor their virtual storefront on a per-customer basis, maximizing customer perceived value. Of course, none of these would matter if the website did not work, or if it was unreliable. Amazons CEO, Jeff Bezos, not only identified an opportunity where none saw one, but he also had the discipline to give it a solid implementation. Amazons web site has always been the usability standard to which other storefronts are gauged. ...

Free Essays on Macbeth Themes

William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Macbeth† exposes many evil explicit themes. First, The theme of temptation is an apparent theme. The witches create temptation by giving Macbeth the prophecies. At first Macbeth acknowledges that killing the king would create â€Å"deep damnation.† However, Macbeth succumbs to temptation when Lady Macbeth calls him a â€Å"coward in thine own esteem.† Next, Deceit is a major theme throughout the play. Macbeth trys to hide the murder of the king by wearing a â€Å"false face†. His vindictive plan is to â€Å"mock the time† and fool the noblemen of his evil doings. Macbeth also deceives Banquo by lying to him about not thinking of the evil witches prophecies. â€Å"Macbeth† displays many evil themes in the entirety of the play. Macbeth owns many tragic character flaws which lead to his death. First, the ambition that Macbeth bestows is deadly. During Macbeth’s ambitious journey he commits many sinful mistakes. However, even living with the guilt he couldn’t â€Å" wash from (his) hands†, he still pursues the throne. The ambitious nature of Macbeth was never satisfied. He wished to â€Å"died an hour before this chance† to become king. Next, being unfaithful to the Christian religion is a significant flaw of Macbeth. Several times Macbeth sins and â€Å"celebrates Pale Hectate’s offering† in killing Duncan. Also, Macbeth loses hope and says life â€Å"is a tale told by an idiot.† The many flaws of Macbeth lead to his downfall. In many ways my life is similar to Macbeth’s. First, my life is full of temptation. It seems like everywhere I look there is temptation. Like Macbeth I wish God wasn’t looking sometimes but then I realize that â€Å"we still have judgment here.† Next, to get what I want I have became deceitful. I have worn a mask to escape the bad consequences as Macbeth did to protect throne. I showed an â€Å"unfelt sorrow† towards my mother wh... Free Essays on Macbeth Themes Free Essays on Macbeth Themes The story of Macbeth is portrayed by Shakespeare as evil’s operation in the world in Elizabethan times, but still has its place in todays life. Shakespeare accomplishes this by using a powerful and unsuspecting character such as Macbeth, maybe any one of us, a good leader, strong willed and a person that is looked upon. The audience sees how evil, tempts Macbeth, just as evil tempts everyone of us everyday. Furthermore the use of messages addressing to or addressed by, how evil Macbeth is. The Evil inside Macbeth is quite evident; for he commits several murders. Finally, there are certain analogies, which suggest that Macbeth is comparable to Satan. In this essay I will show you how the play of Macbeth is actually a study of evil and how Macbeth the man represents that evil Shakespeare intended on using a hero of good deeds such as Macbeth, as his figure. He is seen as a good advocate of Satan’s evil conduct: for an evil person is one you least expect. Macbeth starts off as a humble man and a savior of his native land Scotland After returning from a heroic victory, Ross, a noble Thane, describes what a significant officer Macbeth is for his kingdom: "The king hath happily received, Macbeth, The news of thy success; and when he reads Thy personal venture in the rebel’s fight, His wonders and his praises do contend Which should be thine or his. Silenced with that, In viewing o’er the rest o’th’ selfsame day, He finds thee in the stout Norwegian ranks, Nothing afeard of what thyself didst make, Strange images of death. As thick as hail Came post with post, and every one did bear Thy praises in his kingdom’s great defense, And poured then down before him." [I.iii.89-99]. Macbeth, like any other man, had succumbed to some form of temptation. Shakespeare utilizes him as a model, to show how no matter how strong you may be; even the strongest man can be taken in by evil. Macbeth came across three wi... Free Essays on Macbeth Themes William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Macbeth† exposes many evil explicit themes. First, The theme of temptation is an apparent theme. The witches create temptation by giving Macbeth the prophecies. At first Macbeth acknowledges that killing the king would create â€Å"deep damnation.† However, Macbeth succumbs to temptation when Lady Macbeth calls him a â€Å"coward in thine own esteem.† Next, Deceit is a major theme throughout the play. Macbeth trys to hide the murder of the king by wearing a â€Å"false face†. His vindictive plan is to â€Å"mock the time† and fool the noblemen of his evil doings. Macbeth also deceives Banquo by lying to him about not thinking of the evil witches prophecies. â€Å"Macbeth† displays many evil themes in the entirety of the play. Macbeth owns many tragic character flaws which lead to his death. First, the ambition that Macbeth bestows is deadly. During Macbeth’s ambitious journey he commits many sinful mistakes. However, even living with the guilt he couldn’t â€Å" wash from (his) hands†, he still pursues the throne. The ambitious nature of Macbeth was never satisfied. He wished to â€Å"died an hour before this chance† to become king. Next, being unfaithful to the Christian religion is a significant flaw of Macbeth. Several times Macbeth sins and â€Å"celebrates Pale Hectate’s offering† in killing Duncan. Also, Macbeth loses hope and says life â€Å"is a tale told by an idiot.† The many flaws of Macbeth lead to his downfall. In many ways my life is similar to Macbeth’s. First, my life is full of temptation. It seems like everywhere I look there is temptation. Like Macbeth I wish God wasn’t looking sometimes but then I realize that â€Å"we still have judgment here.† Next, to get what I want I have became deceitful. I have worn a mask to escape the bad consequences as Macbeth did to protect throne. I showed an â€Å"unfelt sorrow† towards my mother wh...

Experience of having a child at a young age (age-18) Essay

Experience of having a child at a young age (age-18) - Essay Example Even though my friends and I had numerous differences, it was easy to get along and share so much of our life experiences. From time to time, I would think and talk about my future especially where I expected to be in ten years or so. Just like any other typical woman, I would talk about getting into a successful career and starting a family that would remain united forever. Soon after graduating high school, my friendship and relationship with my friends kept growing over time. Some time passed and the story remained the same. Nothing much happened in my life until I discovered I was expecting a child at the age of eighteen. I was happy but worried too that I would have a child at a young age. On one hand, pregnancy was not a welcome thing in my life at that age. I felt it had begun to complicate my life from there on. I had never thought of having a child at the age of eighteen. My complete focus was on going to college and pursuing a career that would change my life for the better. On the other hand, pregnancy was a situation I had to face without fear or guilt. In many instances, I was concerned not only about my education, but also about the fact that getting a child at a young age would affect the rest of my life. To get through it, I had to convince myself that all would be well and everything would work out in my favor. However, it was obvious that college education was on hold at that point. Days, weeks, and months passed, and eventually I gave birth to a beautiful baby girl, whom I named Lucy. Before my nineteenth birthday, I was a mother. At my age, I had so much to learn about caring for the baby. I attended parenting classes and had frequent visits to the doctor to ensure that the baby’s progress was good. One major thing I always recognize is the support I received from my family and friends. My family stood by me and provided me with financial support since I still depended on my parents. Surprisingly,

COMPARE THE PARTY LINE AND WOMEN TALK TOO MUCH Article

COMPARE THE PARTY LINE AND WOMEN TALK TOO MUCH - Article Example The article shows that many situations men talk more than women do where they instill dominance in issues of different scenarios. Men usually want to ensure their points are taken on point in interviews taken. This is reflected in the study done in New Zealand where it was established that men control more of the talking time. This article shows that men talk more compared to women in public like official meetings, seminars, or tasks activities. It shows that men are more concerned with their status compared to women (Holmes, 2006). The article highlights that women do talk more than men in other situations do especially where they use talk to develop personal relationships, where women can make connections rather than proving points to the public. Women talk more about family and when in the majority. It seems that women talk more depending on their context (Karpf, 2006) In the article, â€Å"The Party Line† by Rachael Rafelman (2006) it shows that women generally want to be heard where listening to them is an integral part of the girl talk due to reciprocal communication and women folk require this from each other. This article states that men are boring when both women and men are engaged in the same conversation, but women seem interesting than their male counterparts. Men enjoy talking about business and avoid personal stuff. Women in conversation look for ways to connect where women prefer disclosure of details when men do not disclose personal information easily (Rafelman, 2006). The article by Rafelman (2006) speaks about how women are traditionally designed to keep conversations going in traditional female social functions. Where women draw people out and enable people to talk about themselves. It highlights that women capabilities are undermined where they are not celebrated. Women’s speech intends to be soft in conversations, and this is due to their nature. In this article of â€Å"the Party