Essay on the Evils of Capitalism Exposed in Catch-22 -- Catch-22

Evils of Capitalism Exposed in Catch-22 Thats some catch, that Catch-22 (47). any(prenominal) catch indeed, for Catch-22 is the best there is (47). A strange paradox preventing work force from being grounded under any circumstances, Catch-22 eventually evolves into a justification for doing some anything. After all, it says anyone can do anything that we cant stop them from doing (416). A less plainly stated, but equally correctly, validation for ones actions is the guarantee of profit. It is odd how many wrongs leaving money seems to right (418), for the promise or presence of some stage of profit, rights even the wrongs warranted by Catch-22. milo Minderbinder takes full advantage of this powerful conclude and uses it extremely well. Yet, rather than using it to right wrongs, Milo uses it to justify his have got dastardly deeds. Therefore, throughout Catch-22, Milos capitalistic greed leads him to be an emblem shabbiness. Milo spends most of his time in the army travelin g Europe, the Middle East, and Africa in search of the best deal. With the use of donated army equipment (239) he buys and sells various items in order to make the highest profit. Rather than fly missions, Milo seeks to make money, capitalizing on his time abroad. After all, Milo didnt start this war...hes just trying to adorn it on a businesslike basis (262). This attitude leads Milo to pop out a pond, one in which everybody has a share (238-239). This proposed arrangement keeps everyone at ease, so much so it leads to general sloth. Because everybody has a share, ...men get fat and move virtually tamely with toothpicks in their greasy lips (259). One by one, the men succumb to the charms of plenty as well as to their internal greed... ...avoids and resists many things that tally him closer to death or to violating his morals. Be it Aarfy, Colonel Cathcart, or war itself, Yossarian distances himself from the evil in question. Ironically, defiant as he is, Yossarian fails to break through the limitations of the syndicate and actually befriends its proprietor. Yossarian doesnt even attempt to do otherwise, for even he sagged cover charge in a contented stupor, his mouth filmy with a lucullan residue (22) Yossarian had become one of the men who got fat and moved slightly with toothpicks in their greasy lips (259). Therefore, even he who refuses to conform to other standards is demoralize by the sweet blandishments and innocent appearance of capitalism. The novel thus ends on the note that no one remains free from so powerful a force. Works Cited Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. New York Knopf, Inc., 1995.

Nintendo Company Ltd Essay

Nintendo Company Ltd .was founded in 1889 as a producer of Japanese vie cards, but by the 1980s the corporation had glowering its attention towards the production of word picture game hardw atomic number 18 and softw atomic number 18. Since then, Nintendo has at peace(p) on to become the third to the graduate(prenominal)-pitchedest degree valu satisfactory partnership in Japan selling more than 470 million home(a) game consoles and handhelds as of 2009. Nintendo was founded by Fusejiro Yamauchi the great grandfather of the current president of Nintendo. Nintendos products arose in the mid-1980s from the relative obscurity of the amusement arcade to change the concept of home amusement in both Japan and the United States.Strengths Nintendo strongly realised brands, robust revenue growth, strong cash flow from operations, and Nintendo derived most of its revenue from the video game business, Nintendo was in the lead in video console (pg.C269). Weakness Nintendo weakness is Inventory short matures.Nintendo was unable to meet indigence during 2007 and also struggled throughout 2008.In an interview on the website Game Theory, Perrin Kaplin, Nintendo frailness president of grocery storeing and corporate affairs, suggested that shortages were expected some time. We are at absolute maximum production and doing everything we stubbut request continues to be re completelyy high (pg.C273). AlsoOpportunities Rising demand for companys products and related software, growing US games software market, and increasing demand for online gaming. Threats Short products lifecycle, slowdown of the Japanese, the US, and European economies. The five dollar bill forces may be interdependent i.e. pressures from one direction can institution off changes in another dynamic process of shifting sources of aspiration. Industry rivalry here occurs in the strategic alliances i.e. dispute to look market. With huge tamperers like Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft there is a tuf f battle between companies to dominate the market.The threat of entrants into the industriousness can be negligible with the existence of players like Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft etc. There can be no substitute to the video games. The Power of Buyers in the video game industry is low as there are very few undefeated companies in the video game industry, therefore a small salmagundi of video games available to the buyers. On the other hand, the Power of Suppliers is very high as there are more suppliers available to a smattering of companies in the video game industry.Nintendos goal was to arrive at games that everyone could play and a system that would appeal to women and people who had never vie video games in the past (pg.c273). Nintendo used the three generic strategies general cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Nintendos scheme was to attract and target all age groups also to make the Wii easy to use whether the player is skilled or a novice. Nintendo was succes sful at this schema because According to Nintendo, one of the blusher differences between the Wii and the competitiors systems was the broad audience that the Wii targeted (pg.c273).Many of the Wii games were able to be compete by all people of all ages, and they were easier to control than the complicated controllers of the Sony Playstation 3 or Microsoft Xbox 360. Nintendos TV commercials of the Wii showed people of different ages and social classes playing the Wii (pg.c273). Yes I believe all companies can use the strategy of attracting all age brackets with unique products that are easy, fun to use, and affordable.The Nintendo competitive strategy are that the make their consoles cheaper to manufacture. They can sell the base console at a profit while their competitors have to subsidize the retail price. It also gives Nintendo off the beaten track(predicate) more room to maneuver when it comes to using the price mechanism to eat up on that competition. Nintendo leave behin d be able to sustain their competitive wages if they lack in summate of product with a high demand. What Nintendo sine qua non to do is maintain their interpret so that it will be able to encumber up with their competitors and keep clientele. This is the problem they are having which is a high demand for product with low supply.I believe Nintendos strategy has goodish intentions, if I was in position to advise Nintendo of their strategy is will be to change is their supply and demand. If you have a low supply of product how do you expect to make profit? I would advise them to make sure that there is a high supply of products to keep customers happy because there is a great possibility that the company can lose clientele to other competitors. Some customers go great lengths for entertainment and some will pay any price to have it. Nintendo unavoidably to keep their ratings up along with the other companies that are competing and the only carriage to do that is to make sure t hat the products are available and the prices affordable.This was an interesting chance to work on and I hope I did a good job. I had no idea Nintendo was founded in 1889, I thought it invented in the 1980s. After reading this case I know that even the common companies sometime struggle in certain areas. I have a Nintendo Wii and even though I dont get to play it often but when I do its so ofttimes fun. The Nintendo Wii is definitely for all ages like it was mentioned in the case. From reading the case and doing enquiry online helped me learn about how Nintendo was founded and their timeline of products.I learned about their rivalry with Sony, Microsoft, and their struggles with supply and high demand. How However Nintendo Wii price was reasonable compared to the playstation3 and xbox. I believe what attracts customers to the Nintendo Wii is that as far as I can remember Nintendo always include a free game with the console which Sony and Microsoft does not provide. My opinion Nin tendo strategy has good intentions but to be the better competitor Nintendo needs all their areas to be strong especially their supply of products. Even if it means to guide more employees or outsource jobs to keep products in stock they should go that extra mile to keep their customers happy.

Cartesian Dualism

In Cartesian Dualism, Descartes tries to prove that the take heed or spirit is pellucid and disrupt from the consistence, having no thoughts like the thinking and kat onceing school principal/ person. The first argument in Cartesian Dualism is the argument of doubt. This argument has to do with doubting that he is a thinking thing there must(prenominal) be something there that is true to that therefore there is no carnal consistency because that thought is possible. He claims the mind and body is two separate things claiming this logic I am certain that I am a thinking thing. I am non certain that I am a natural thing. Therefore, I am not a physical thing.I would not agree with him on this part of the argument, given the premise it is a good way to show that the body does not think for itself, save that does not lead it to a complete separation of the mind and the body. A lot of the physical grit and consumption that attri just nowes to the thoughts of the mind or sens e comes from the body. It tail assemblynot be written off as a separate and orthogonal to the mind/soul just by imagining it does not exist because it cannot watch the logic by thinking for itself. Another argument is from clear and distinct perception by proposing that all people are thinking things and not physical things.Overall this argument claims that if two things can exist apart from iodine another, accordingly they must be two distinct and separate things, now saying that the mind is not only separate from the body, but can also live without it. If the mind is therefore distinct from the body, and then it is possible to exist as a mind without the body. I logically seizet agree just because we can distinctly cover the mind and body as two different things, how does that mean that they actually are, and how provide the body continue to exist without the body as a carrying agent.The soul would not be a soul without the body, because it will not perceive the world the same without the body. The third argument is for simplicity with the idea that everything extended is divisible into parts. The body is extended and also divisible into parts such as the arms, legs, and so on. Here, Descartes did not believe that the mind was divisible into parts, withal though we know different parts of the mind are amenable for different cognitive processes. Descartes believed believed that these differently labeled parts all hasten the same driving force behind them.So the logic goes if the mind cannot be divisible into parts, and all extended things can be divisible into parts, then the mind cannot be an extended thing. Which then makes the mind is of different hooey from the body which must be also separate and distinct from the body. addicted the premise I can agree with this argument for Cartesian Dualism because it is to a greater extent broken down and relatable than others having details and not many vague accounts having to be accepted to get to a s olid conclusion.When I put from each one argument in context of flesh vs soul giving the body no real significance taking away any neuronic or psychological dependence that shape the mind/soul then the first two arguments are more easily taken but still misunderstandable from different point of views. Given most premises of these arguments I cannot whole fully agree with Descartes because logically it does not make sense to me given the different understanding and initial perception towards the human body and its natural role.

William James

W afflictioniam pile, an American psychologist and philosopher was born on January 11, 1842 at the Astor House in modernistic York City. His father throng Sr. is described as an independently fuddled and nonoriously eccentric Swedenborgian theologian well acquainted with the literary and apt elites of his day. (wikipedia, 2011, p. 1) The crowd family were remarkable epistolary of talents. His brother became a prominent novelist and his child publicly produce a diary. crowd was a very ill child, who had various amounts of sickness both physical and psychological all increase up and eventually until his death.He attended Harvard Medical School in 1864 and the following year, went on a scientific expedition on the virago River. Soon after he fell sick and traveled to Germany in search of a cure and stayed until November 1868. His self diagnosed soul-sickness was cured in 1872. pile went on to earn his M. D. in June 1872, although he would never practice medicine. In the same year mob began to teach at Harvard University. In his redeem time James read philosophy and began to see a connector between it and physiology. To James the two seemed to converge in psychology. Morris, Maisto, 2010, p. 6) He published his first textbook, The Principles of Psychology in 1890. He married Alice Gibbons in 1878. William James studied and taught biology, medicine, and psychology but was more interested in the scientific study of the human mind. James acquaintances Herman Helmoholtz of Germany Pierre Janet of France implemented courses of scientific psychology at Harvard in the 1875-76 school year. (Shultz, 2004, p. 179). James and associates created the lively group known as The Metaphysical Club in 1872.Some of James students included Boris Sidis, Theodore Roosevelt, W. E. B. Dubois, Walter Lipmann, Mary Culkins, Ralph Barton Perry, G. Stanley Hall, Horace Kallen, and George Santayana. William James retried from Harvard University in 1907. James published Pragmatism , Pluralistic Universe and The Meaning Of The Truth. During his utmost years he became ill again but this time with cardiac pain. James worked on a philosophy text (unfinished but posthumously published as Some Problems In Philosophy.The following year James sailed to Europe to partake in experimental treatments that proved to be unsuccessful. He returned ingleside and finally succumbed to his illness on August 26, 1910 t his home in Chocorua, NH. He was buried at Cambridge Cemetery in Cambridge, MA, in the family plot. (wikipedia, 2011, p. 3) James despite his constant illnesses lived a very prestigious life, he lived out his passions and researched his curiosities. He was one of the strongest proponents of Pragmatism in philosophy and meshalism in psychology.James founded the American Society for Psychical Research. He always challenged his colleagues and students not to let a narrow mindset prevent and honest approximation of those. (wikipedia, 2001, p. 3) James was found to be the 14th most eminent psychologist of the twentieth Century. (Haggbloom, 2002, vol. , 6, No. 2, 139-45) Pragmatism is defined by James as truths start from facts, but they dip forward into fact again and add to them which facts again create or reveal new truth (the word is indifferent) and so on indefinitely. The facts themselves meanwhile are not true. They simply are.Truth is the function of the beliefs that start and terminate among them. (Mounce, 1997). The Will To Believe a philosophy of naive realism and a famous lecture of 1897 by James defended the right to intermit the principle of evidentialism to justify hypothesis venturing. This theory justifies ghostly beliefs by using results of his suppositional venturing to prove support the hypothesis truth. My first act of free ordain shall be to believe in free give. (XXX, 1909, p. 177) James simply asserted that his will was a free two-stage decision process that separates chance, from choice.The Philosophy of Relig ion was pick uped very seriously by James he interpreted religious experiences according to his pragmatic conclusions. He claimed that when studying Religion the main root word should be just that, Religion because everything else is just a descendent of Religion. James also said that only a Psychologist can accurately interpret Religious experiences because have the best insight of the human mind. in 1884 William James published an article What Is An Emotion? (psychclassics, 1884, p. 188-205) he conceived of an emotion in monetary value according to a sequence of events.This article was very important not only because of his remarkable response to the question but also because thither were no psychology journals, yet. James felt that emotions were often accompanied by bodily responses. For example If you were to run from a vicious dog, your eubstance will respond to your emotion of fear by heart rate increase, because you ran your body will sweat and/or ache you may also be ou t of breathe. Basically your body goes through physiological upheaval. Now cognise has a totally different physiological signature, the parasympathetic nervous system.

Projected Total Sales of Sundance Direct Sales Essay

IntroductionBillboards, signage and eye-catching advertisement paraphernalia of different withdraw selling companies ar sprouting everywhere, either local or international. numerous companies established names and compete to prolong their standing in the logical argument world. Defined in businessdictionary.com, direct selling is a mettle to face presentation, demonstration, and sale of products or services, usually at the home or character of a prospect by the independent direct sales representatives. straightaway selling contributes greatly on the economic development of the country it manifests the Filipino spirit of enterprise and self-reliance. This effort gains greater popularity today than its early course of instructions. one and only(a) of the popular direct selling companies in the Philippines is Sundance mastermind gross sales (Foo iirks merchandising Corporation). It was established on August 1999. Before they came with the business name, they first concept o f fancy Italian names but they had decided on an accepted and easily remembered name- SUNDANCE. It was originated from the Hollywood movie, Butch Casedy and the Sundance Kid. Mr. Peter Yu is the managing director of Sundance Direct Sales.It is a fashion clothing and shoe retailing play along with wide expertness in manufacturing industry. This company is engaged in selling of clothes, shoes, bags, cosmetics, accessories and infant and children creeses. Currently, it is partnered with Maybelline radical York, Afficionado and I2I eyewear. In its 12 successful years of existence, it has approximately 500,000 dealers and continuously increasing. It produced 16 branches and 400 local outlets nationwide.The mission of Sundance Direct Sales in part fellowmen is to bring standard of excellence to all parts of the world. In posture of their mission, they have reached and served international countries such as HongKong, Dubai, UAE, Qatar, Oman, Abu Dhabi, Singapore.Sundance Direct S ales is an industry that continuously progressing, competing and creating new styles of fashion, awarding them as the Best Direct Selling brand of App bel.MethodologyMany business organizations used tools or techniques, corresponding quantitative forecasting, that helped them determine the possible result of the business operation in the future. Quantitative forecasting technique bases its forecast from past info. This tool helps the motorcoach or the decision maker to accomplish their organizational goals. Specifically, if a company has the record of its past 30-year sales, then it gutter project the sales for the coterminous year and this may help him to determine the inventory levels, scheduling of achievement and the like.However either quantitatively or qualitatively, forecasting is non blow% certain it has uncertainties so we need to measure the verity of the forecast. Forecast accuracy can be measure by MAD (mean absolute deviation) MSE (mean straightforwardly error ) and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) the best model depends on the measure. The goal of this field of operation is to project the total sales for one of the Sundance branches Calamba -2011 so that the branch theater director can have preparations in their inventory levels.In order to reach the projected total sales of Sundance Direct Sales Calamba branch in 2011, time-series regression and smoothing linear shortens were used. Time-series regression is the process of estimating the relationship between two variables- in our case time and sales per month. Smoothing linear trends is just the akin with simple smoothing however the intercept and the slope of the trend line be continually adjusted in each period. Two methods were used for comparative degree purposes. The data were also tested for occurrence of seasonality. MAD was used to approximate the forecast accuracy since most of the errors were too stupendous. It weighted the errors equally. MSE is non better(pred icate) for this kind of problem because it will result to a very large number.The data collected was a 3-year monthly sales of the Sundance Direct Sales Calamba branch for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The sales representative allowed the author to have the data with proper and legal consent. A hard copy of the data is transfer down to the author (Appendix A).To analyze the data for occurrence of seasonality, the data were graphed first. In figure 1 is an illustration of the comparison of the sales in the cardinal years of operation of Sundance Direct Sales CALAMBA.Figure 1.Monthly Sales of Sundance Direct Sales Calamba in 2008, 2009 and 2010.Seasonal time series repeats over a specific period such as day, monthly, quarterly or yearly. fit in to Levin, to determine seasonality two questions must be satisfied. First, are the peaks and troughs consistent? looking back to Figure 1, in that respect are peaks and troughs in year 2009 and year 2010 that are consistent but if you l ook at year 2008 it did not follow those peak and troughs. Second, there is an explanation for the seasonal pattern? Since there is no consistency in the trends of the data points, then we will not answer this question anymore. Both questions were not satisfied so we can say that the data didnt exhibit seasonality. We can now die in forecasting the sales using the two methods mentioned earlier.Forecasting models are evaluated by dividing the samples into two parts warm-up samples and forecast samples. Warm-up samples are used to fit the forecasting model while forecast samples are for testing the model. In a long time series, data are divided into half.Using time-series regression, warm-up samples periods 1-18 was used to get the equation the best-fitting trend line. Using the data in Appendix B, it was determined that the equation for the best-fitted line is Ft = 2340883.46 + 3800.51(t) .

Referring to relevant scientific literature, discuss critically

Therapists believe that this s the best improvement as it directly addresses a churls thoughts and behavior and teaches them to challenge those that are uncooperative (Glared and Glared, 2008). In doing this, it allows children and adolescents to practice techniques for behavioral change in the safety of a therapy environment, which they locoweed then transfer to other fields (Kendall, as cited by Kaplan, Thompson and Coarsen 1995). When undertaking CB with a child or adolescent their developmental point needs to be taken Into stipulation as it whitethorn have an influence on the effectiveness of the therapy (Durbar s cited by Kaplan et al. 1995) and in addition create limitations to what they washstand do. Grave and Blithest (2004) suggests that between the ages of 5 and 8 developmental immaturity occurs. Harrington (2003) states that some techniques within CB require the patient to possess certain(a) cognitions to carry out tasks and if the patient is at a developmental st age where they cannot complete the tasks then a barrier is formed. Clark (2005) proposes that sessions need to be developmentally appropriate and engage the child adolescents are more able to participate in more adult sessions, whereas younger children may benefit from treatment refer around exercise.This is demonstrated by Grave and Blithest (2004) who state that combining CB and play is an effective way of communicating with young children (peg. 414) The childs developmental stage may also govern how much adult involvement there depart be In the therapy Clark (2005) highlights that the younger the child, the more likely It Is that parents may baffle Involved In treatment (peg. 130), this Is due to the on-going developmental changes and the childs dependency. Kaplan et al. 1995) state that arenas should be educated in the cognitive behavioral techniques being used and when the child attempts to use something learned in therapy at home, should give positive feedback and move into the role of co-therapist. Harrington (2003) discusses how the role of an adult can enhance the therapy as they can communicate things to the therapist that the child may be reluctant to chide about. There are also ethical Issues to be taken into consideration when undertaking CB with adolescents.Kendal and Degrade et al. (As cited by Clark, 2005) highlight that it is adults, usually parents, ho be children and adolescents to therapy sessions and although not the patient themselves, dictate what issues they would Eke the therapy to address. Degrade et al. (As cited by Clark, 2005) continues to discuss how this may create a to the treatment for children and young people as it teaches them techniques that they can later call upon when facing similar situations in the future.

Econ Syllabus

I leave spend most of the term going through the theory and ideas that form the fundamentals of industry economics. However, it is of import that students ar aware of the simple facts of labor market in the US. using the theory and facts, it should be possible to evaluate labor market policies.II. demand The course is designed for economics majors and others who are already gravely interested in economics. Economics 301 Is a prerequisite. Ill. Evaluation There are two methods used to calculate the course grade I will choose for you at the end of the term whichever method gives you the higher grade. rule 1 Is designed to reward students who show consistent progress passim the course, while Method 2 rewards those students who show improvement over the semester. Methods Quizzes training and participation First midterm Second midterm FinalDate Swept. 25th, 2014 class time Date Date Deck. 14th, 2014, Methods Homework and participation 45% IV. Textbook (required) trade union movement Economics, George J, Boras (McGraw-Hill 6th edition) You can also use the 5th edition, which is much cheaper, and the contentedness is much the same. V. Course outline My lecture will be base on the textbook, highlighting fundamentals of labor economics that students should grasp. I excogitate to cover the following topics, but changes could be made, subject to the progress of the course. 1. The bedrock The subject of labor economics Theory and facts 2.Labor Supply (1) The basic electrostatic individual labor supply The labor/leisure choice and flatness curve The budget constraint The hours of work decision Income and substitution effectuate Individual labor supply Effects of taxes and subsidies (2) Extensions Life cycle labor supply Labor supply over business cycle loneliness Family labor supply Fertility and labor supply 3. Labor invite Inputs and the production run away Employment decision short-run and long-run duck soup of substitution Derived demand 4. Labo r market equilibrium Equilibrium in the competitive labor marketNon-competitive labor markets monopoly and monopoly 5. Wage differentials The hedonistic wage function Labor supply and risk Safety and health regulations 6. Human crown Education and income Present value calculations Costs and returns to schooling Training Age-earning compose Policy 7. Wage structure Earning distribution Why do payoff differ? Changes in the earning distribution International income distribution 8. Labor Mobility Mobility and migration in-migration in the US Models of immigration Benefits and costs of immigration Immigration policy.

Musket Wars

The first major cause of the Musket Wars was the introduction of European Technology, divulgeicularly Muskets. This changed the economy of Maori society, as they had no form of currency so mickle was their means to gain power and wealth This created the danger of one tribe, in this case Nga Puhi development increasingly powerful and influential, therefore their supplies of these muskets and weaponry growing exponentially in size. In 1821 Nga Puhi crowner Hongi Hika acquired 300 muskets after traffic them for his gifts he received from the King of England.This became a turning point in the Wars as it gave him overwhelming power for his tribe in the North. Muskets greatly adapted the way in which Maori fought battles, as these muskets could cause far more than finish and destruction than previous weaponry used by the Maori. Historians such as Angela Ballara argue that the Muskets were not the cause of the actual start of the War, the war could scarcely as easily be called Potat o wars as many Maori fought for aliment supply, except because of the destructive nature of the muskets, without their role the Wars could have taken a very different path.The introduction of Muskets also amplified tensions between Nga Whatua and Nga Puhi, as Nga Puhi acquired more and more muskets, other tribes particularly Nga Whatua felt threatened by the latent use of these muskets, and confrontation between these now heavily armed tribes became inevitable. The colonisation of NZ by Europeans and subsequent consequences support the Fatal Impact theory, which states that impaction of European society on Maori lead to the general downfall of Maori, but it is impossible to blame the Musket Wars entirely on European impact.Prior to European touch the Maori had a well-established political system between iwis. For them war was an essential part of this, as a means of declaring land ownership. Wars were fought quickly between light distances, resulting in fewer deaths. The firs t war fought with muskets was the battle of Moremanui in 1908, when Nga Whatua secured a victory of Nga Puhi, as they tried to reload their muskets.The leader of Nga Puhi Hongi Hika wished to execute penalise on Ngati Whatua for the defeat, thus leading to his acquisition of muskets and intertribal warfare. The conclusion endure be made that the Maori pre-established political system of which war was an integral part, was a major factor leading to the intertribal warfare of the Musket Wars, but European impact was the factor that made the warfare so destructive and lead to the many fatalities.

Work has been a driving force for all of the people living in the society today

Work has been a driving force for all of the populate living in the society today. They devote most of their lives functional, and they justify this consummation as something that they keep back to do in order to live. Some sight associate achievementing with earning cash, but doesnt end with wholly that. in that location atomic number 18 a luck more reasons wherefore mass work, and it tush be rooted to the races needs, not the money, but the things that could be derived from what you earn. Meaningful work is a work with a purpose, not of financial compensation, but with a deeper reason, either for the fulfillment of a persons interest or for the welfare of other people (Samuel, 2007).Some meditate working as something they need to do something that could earn them what they need in order to fulfill their wishes. But for me, the concept of work is a lot different than how others perceive it. For me, work is the realization of my efforts in my younger years. I am stud ying so that I can be cap adequate to work with my field of expertise thus Ill be able to exercise my talents to the fullest. If I will be able to do what I think I can do best, then Im sure all my efforts will be rewarded by a profound payment, and when I am earning a good deal of money, then I could live a life that is free of financial problems.Well, it depends on the peoples perceptions their view on something could be a manifestation of their position in life (Young, 2007). I am a person who takes things positively. For me, working is not a burden that we have to carry all end-to-end our lives. It is true that if a person doesnt work, he will in the end suffer, especially if he is living on his own, and is not blesses with a soused family. But working shouldnt hinder you from enjoying your life. I think of work as a way to practice the things that I can do best, and it doesnt limit you to a single work alone. You can do various things, as long as you put your sum of money into it. It is alone a matter of thinking that classifies work as a burden.Reasons why people workworks is in like manner a way to show up what you feel to your loved ones. Working for the sake of another person is a manifestation of love. When you work, you are able to afford things that are essential for their happiness. Working also entails responsibility. You hold yourself responsible in providing the canonic needs of a person whom you dedicate your work to your loved ones and family members. You seek to provide the basic necessities in life, like food, shelter and clothing through working and earning money to buy these things (Why Do People Work? 2004).Working also entails social responsibility. I do work as an obligation to the society. You are wasting your talents if you dont work, and it means you are a go off of the society. Working also brings out the abilities of a person, and with those abilities, the society is able to recrudesce quality outputs art masterpieces like paintings and sculptures are the work of brilliant minds of the past, and they have worked their way in order to produce it.Working doesnt only mean being able to produce an output. You need to put your heart into it, so that the output you create is really a product of profound work. Meaningful working entails a sense of responsibility from the person itself, and that they should treat every opportunity to work as an opportunity to show the people his talents he should treat everything he does as a masterpiece and mete out all his effort into it. The product of a meaningful work is a meaningful output.ReferencesWhy Do People Work? 2004. Why do people work? April 12 2007. <http//www.philipallan.co.uk/pdfs//uitecobusn.pdf>.Samuel, Alexandra. Meaningful Work. 2007. April 12 2007. <http//www.femilicious.com/ web log/2007/01/04/meaningful-work/>.Young, Susan. Meaningful Work. 2007. April 12 2007. <http//readingwritingliving.wordpress.com/2007/03/29/meaningful-work/>.  

Firefighter Employment Scenario Essay

Although its not clear in the grade whether an associates decimal point is a precondition for taking the exam, in your opinion, should a detail be a requirement to sit for the exam?Yeswhy or why not?A Fire science degree should be a requirement to take the stress. It shows that the fire fighter it trying to ameliorate him or her self and become more knowledgeable of their craft. It also shows that they be committed to their career. Working and going to school is not an easy amour to do. Like the question states we do not know if the degree is requisite to sit the exam, if not stated as a requirements, then the degree should not be a factor in the selection process. ground on the fact that Doug and surface-to-air missile earned the first and second highest test scores, is it a reasonable assumption that the city of Davis will add Doug and Sam to the certification list?YesWhy or why not? accord to what we know of the information provided they should some(prenominal) be on the list. They have both meet the requirements to sit for the exam and scored the two best scores.Can the urban center successfully defend itself on the basis of different impact?YesWhy or why not?The city did will not set anyone of a protected class, under Title VII Once disparate impact is established, the employer must justify the continued use of the procedure or procedures causing the adverse impact as a business necessity. chthonian what circumstances may racial discrimination be proved by disparate impact? One does not need to be now about the discrimination. Example would be Whites only need to apply.

Project Risk Management Plan Essay

The pur tick of the lay on the line wariness proposal is to describe any event or condition that may occur which could have a positive or negative tint on the realise. Risks management is the subroutine of identifying, assessing, responding to, monitoring, and reporting risks. The Risks Management Plan volitioning define how risks associated with the Baderman Island Casino Hotel regorge provide be identified, analyzed, and managed. The plan pass on outline how risks management activities exit be performed, recorded, and monitored throughout the roll. The plan volition also provide a template and practices for recording and prioritizing risks. The risks management plan has been created by the undertaking manager during the planning phase of the Baderman Island Casino-Hotel pop out and the intended audience is the project team, project sponsors, and management. Executive compactBaderman Island has of late been approached with an offer to construct the Silvers Casin o-Hotel on the one thousand of the resort. With a downturn in the hospitality industry, volatile gas prices and watercourse economic uncertainties, the Board of Directors and operational leaders believe the proposal could bring in the island. The casino will bring jobs to the local ara, along with increasing revenues for the ring businesses. Along with jobs and increasing revenue, the casino-hotel will bring gaming as well as a blend of attractions and entertainment for the visitors to the island (University of Phoenix, 2014). Project SummaryThe hotel-casino will take 30 months to complete, beginning in November 2014, and will cost approximately $40 million to construct. Additional cost for roads and ferries for transporting materials, construction equipment, and behaveers to and from the island will be approximately two million dollars. The memorial for the roads and transportation will take three months with the roads needing to be finish prior to construction of the hotel-casino. Budget and time atomic number 18 intelligible constraints, but the team also needs to consider the constraints the natural resources and botanic gardens will aim on the project. The quality of work on the roads and construction will need to meet the standards of the island resort without interruption to the subsisting activities and guest experiences. Risks Management Strategy and ProcessDetermining project risks and responses to those risks be make by fol gloomying risk management procedures. Risks management procedures imply duodecimal risks management, risks and control legal opinion, and project auditing. These procedures help the project team and stakeholders beat up to date on the latest developments with the project and help them to split to the risk management principles (eHow, 2014). Quantitative risks management helps project manager identify risks in short-term project or long-term initiative. Statistical skills and maths expertise are applied t o build control tools and methodologies. These tools identify, measure, and monitor operational, financial, and technological risks in a project. Once the risks have been identified the risks and control assessment is used to determine the level at which the risks may force the project. The risks are categorized in levels that will reflect the likelihood of the risks occurring and the severity of its impact on the project. To manage the risks as the project is in progress audits will be conducted. Audits will identify any surface area where corrections or adjustments may need to be make. Risk IdentificationEvery project has risk and the proposed casino-hotel project is no different. The risk identification process must be comprehensive to avoid emergence of a risk at a later time when it could threaten the success of the project (Cooper, Grey, Raymond, & amp Walker, 2005). To identify possible risks to the Baderman Island Casino-Hotel, the process was structured and used detect elements to examine possible risk systematic everyy in each area of the project. This was done during a cogitate session which included the following individuals Renaldo Hinderer, chief operating officer Baderman Island recourseNeida Durerso, Melancon Hotel GMJame Tokar, Melancon Hotel Convention Center GMKristoper Riffle, BA. The Tenney Night GMAmberly Wendolski, The Baderman Island CafPerla Musgraves, Mayor of KelseyNaoma Kinoshita, Sr. Botanist, William C. Martin Botanical Gardens Bao Weyrauch, CPA, Finance theater director, Boardman Management Group Ashly Yeamas, Manager Pepicello FairwaysDagmar Sephus, President Kelsey Ferry CompanyCedrick McBroome, Director of Business Development, Patten-Fuller Community hospital Tony Gonyer, Warden of Kelsey PrisonCraig McClary, Ph.D, Principal, Kelsey High SchoolA facilitator was appointed to conduct the think shop and to review the procurement. The selected brainstorming team was briefed on the purpose of the workshop and the outcome s that were desired (Cooper, Grey, Raymond, & Walker, 2005). Risk were identified in the risk brainstorming workshop, then ranked, and prioritized. Each risk was assessed and unwrapn a qualitative and quantitative measurements to determine where they rank in priority, with one being the highest risk and sevener being the lowest risk (see appendix B). Project Risks Monitoring make ListsDuring a construction project such as the Baderman Island Casino-Hotel all risks must be monitored daily to ensure the impact is minimal. To monitor the project risks a curb lists has been developed. The watch list contain all the risks that are extreme or high (see appendix A). The progress and effectiveness of risks intercession actions will be reviewed, and adjustments to the Risks Action Plan will be made as needed (Cooper, Grey, Raymond, & Walker, 2005). As effective risks treatment has been completed the corresponding risks will reassessed, reclassified, or removed from the watch list. Likewise, as low or medium risks change in status and become much important or newly identified risks, will be added to the watch list. Project Risks Reporting Milestone ProgressProject risks reporting provides a summary of risks, the status treatment actions, and an indication of trends in the incidence of risks in the project (Cooper, Grey, Raymond, & Walker, 2005). To report the progress of the Baderman Island Casino-Hotel project and its risks a Milestone Progress report will be used. This will give the project manager and stakeholders an update on how the project is progressing. The report will match the achievements to the planned milestones. The achievements and milestones can be charted to give a optical to see progressing on time or if it is behind schedule (Simon Wallace, 2007). A project manager can also analyze the dates for milestones to determine a variance and projection for milestones (Simon Wallace, 2007). If the project gets off track for any effort this will allow the project manager to make adjustments to get tail on track and to determine how much impact a risks has had on a project.ConclusionBaderman Island Resort has a very lucrative fortune that could bring jobs and revenue to the island. Building a Silvers Casino-Hotel may pose some risks for the resort, but will be beneficial once the project is complete. The project team has identified all possible risks to the project and has put together a project risk management plan that will mitigate the risks. Monitoring and tracking the risks will help the project stopover on track. Reporting of the progress of the project will be done throughout the project so that the key stakeholders and management can hold up abreast of the project. With the approval of the project the team can get to work and have the Casino-hotel up and running by 2015 for guest to enjoy.ReferencesCooper, D.F., Grey, S., Raymond, G, & Walker, P. (2005). Project risk management guidelines. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. eHow. (2014). Qualitative risk assessment tools. Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_8511684_qualitative-risk-assessment-tools.html Simon Wallace. (2007). Risk Management Assessing risks at the start of a project. Retrieved from http//www.epmbook.com/risk.htm University of Phoenix. (2014). Baderman Island Resort Casino Proposal. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PM584 website.

Quality Associates Essay

Quality Associates, a consulting firm, advises its lymph nodes about sampling and statistical procedures that sens be used to control their manufacturing processes. In particular application, a client gave Quality Associates a sample of 800 observations taken during a time in which that clients process was operating satisfactorily.The sample standard divergency for these data was 0.21 hence with so much data, the population standard going away was assumed to be 0.21. Quality Associates then suggested that random samples of size of it 30 be taken periodically to monitor the process on an on-going basis. By analyzing untrieds samples, the client could quickly learn whether the process was achievement satisfactorily.When the process was not operation satisfactorily, corrective action could be taken to eliminate the problem. The design specification indicated the mean for the process should be 12. The possible action test suggested by Quality Associates follows. Corrective acti on give be taken any time is rejected.The dataset Quality.sav contains each of four samples, each of size 30, collected at hourly intervals during the first day of operation of the new statistical control procedure. Managerial report1. Conduct a conjecture test for each sample at the 0.01 take of significance and hold in what action, if any, should be taken. Provide the test statistic and the p-value for each test.2. Compute the standard divergence for each of the four samples. Does the assumption of 0.21 for the standard deviation appear intelligent?3. Compute limits for the sample mean around such that, as grand as, a new sample mean is within those limits, the process will be considered to be operation satisfactorily. If exceeds the upper limit or if to a lower place lower limit, corrective action will be taken. These limits are referred to as upper and lower control limits for quality purposes.4. Discuss the implications of changing the level of significance () to a la rger value. What mistakes or error (type I or type II error) could increase if the level of significance is increased?

Summit Partners Fleetcor a

Private Equity and Investment Banking SPRING 2010 aggrandisement Partners FleetCor A 1. Summarize the proposed transaction Summit Partners proposes to FleetCor Technologies (later preferred as FleetCor or the Comp all) an investment funds into FleetCor for the total amount of $44. 9 jillion in ingathering for a post transaction monomania of 54. 2% in the Comp any and coming down to 46% ownership in the ac gild after newly created assembly line options for management equivalent to 15% ownership in the companionship has been completely executed and fully diluted.This investment is in the form of convertible preferred s focus with an 8% accrued interest, compounding annually. As the transaction come through, Summits prefer stock testament be treated contact-footing in liquidity with the other $37. 5 million of existing preferred stock. The proceeds from Summits investment go forth be use as fol get- issues $9. 0 million will be utilise to redeem part of a $15 million subo rdinated debt held by current investors.The remaining $6 million of this debt will be converted by the current investors into the same strip of prefer stock which Summit proposes. About $16. 6 million will be apply as an upfront cash to buy back FleetCors septette Super Licensees The remaining $19. 3 million will be used as a pla lettuceary on the job(p) capital for FleetCor to fund its increment avocation and to buy back any other potential licensees. 2. discuss five rough key investment strengths FleetCors management team in truth well-performed management team consisting of Very exalted quality profile and experienced CEO, Ron Clarke, who has brought FleetCor back on track after just 18 months of working in the telephoner. Other executives who call for many experiences and a lot of association in the industry including H. Steve Smith, Senior VP of Sales and Marketing Tommy Andrews, Senior VP of surgical process and Scott Ruoff, Senior VP of Business Development. FleetCor has a senior high schoolly differential agate line dodging leading a genuinely competitive business as followings middle(a) Market Focus plumping commercialise for development with very small-minded potential competitors and high barriers to entry Local Market Distribution FleetCor has created a electronic ne devilrk of local branches with a complete staff employees including a general manager Semi-Exclusive Merchant Acceptance Ne cardinalrk FleetCor limits the size of merchant network to provide greater traffic volume to participating retailers. Highly realised market shares in the highly potential and continued return market FleetCor has 90,000 fleet customers across its entire strategy comprised especially of four vauntingly national accounts such as Sears, UPS, Aramark and National Line Service and all over 500,000 active tableholders. ? FleetCor provided its customers the cost-saving and customized information report to really please the customers and make them high reluctance to switch to new card network providers, leading to low customer churn. High rough-cut profit moulding (in case of gross r purgeue report) averagely 5%, double comparabilityd to other regular mention card issuing companies or its big competitors in high-end market, however, it has still gained highly growing market share because of its unique and differential business strategy. 3. Discuss five investment concerns FleetCor is still missing a financial expert who non only has experiences and knowledge in the industry but overly has power to draw fully effective projection for a long-terminus growth by utensiling a stable financial system ( Suggest Hiring a highly effective and experienced CFO. ? High projected improvements after the acquisition. The company should be a little more(prenominal) conservative due to the particular that there are al vogues some unexpected risks associating with the implication of a new centralized system. Suggest the c ompany should project in the more conservative way and should establish some preventive control procedures to exterminate these risks before really testing the centralized system to avoid any unexpected damages and privationes. ? FleetCor has not yet settle the closing agreements with the septette Super Licensees for acquiring them, creating some sources of unstable and going concern business ( Suggest the company should be more specific and aggressive go dealing with the licenses to make the final agreements. Higher gas prices result in a larger A/R financing cost and also lead to a higher(prenominal) bad debt expense, even though the net revenue might still be the same ( Suggest implement some forms of hedging strategies against the increases in gas prices such as going long on a call option at a specific gas price which might materially increase the A/R financing cost and bad debt expenses. ? FleetCor currently has weak managerial reporting system ( Suggest bringing in some more IT consultants and programmers to create a more effective managerial and financial system while working along with a CFO who is a financial expert. . Using Exhibit 4B evaluate the proposed acquisitions. Would you recommend purchasing all of the licenses? why or why not? Explain Briefly Overall, the proposed acquisitions yield the company a combined entity with much(prenominal) better performance in term of profitability such as New combined gross margin is 5% higher than the base only. EBIT margin is almost 3. 75 time higher than the base only. EBITDA margin is over 1. 5 times higher than the base only.I recommend FleetCor only acquire 5 in effect operated Licensees out of the seven ones including the ones in the areas of Houston, Carolina, Mississippi, Baton Rouge, and Atlanta because the other two which are locating in Chicago and Tampa are inefficient in term of profitability. Licensee in Chicago will yield a loss of EBITDA and the one in Tampa yield only $83,000 of EBI TDA which is very small compare to the cost of acquiring this licensee. 5. Look at the Transaction Multiples Analysis in Exhibit 5d and 6. Analyze the comparables (Exhibit 6) a.Would you recommend using all the comparables listed? Would you exclude any of the comparables? Explain your answers. I would not recommend using all the comparables listed. I would exclude all of the comparables from group of credit card issuers because FleetCor has been operate its business as a merchant card processor which is different from the credit card industry. Basic principle for valuation using industry comparables is that we have to use comparables for the group of companies in the same industry with the valued company.I might want to keep the comparables for the group of other transaction processors. finished my observation, I find that Ceridian which is in the same industry with FleetCor has the most sympathetic Enterprise Value/Revenue Ratio and Enterprise Value/EBITDA with the company (lead ing to that Ceridian would be a vertical indicator for valuation of FleetCor b. Based on the comparables how would you value the proposed acquisitions of the licensees? What do you think of the multiples proposed in exhibit 5d?Basing on comparables info of Ceridian, I would value the proposed acquisitions of the licensees at 13. 1xEBITDA. I think the multiples proposed 3. 9x in 2001 and 3. 3x in 2002 in exhibit 5d are way under the multiple of Ceridian, and even much lower when compare to the industry average 16. 9x and 15x accordingly. In general, if the final transaction is completed as proposed, the company will be much better off, and even better if the company exclude the acquisition of the two licensees in Chicago and Tampa.In addition, if all of the big seven licensees do not accept the acquisitions at this proposed multiples, Summit might suggest the FleetCors management to raise these multiples and deal specific case to case with from each one of the licensee. 6. pick out the acquisitions take place on December, 31, 2001. Value Fleet or using the DCF methodology. Use Exhibit 5a, 5b and 5c to complete the valuation. Make assumptions as needed. Assume a market premium of 4. 5%. Make sure you put forward and explain your assumptions. I will use the equity beta of Ceridian (? =0. 9) to train cost of equity for FleetCor because the two companies are considered comparables. Assume the market has been operating efficiency, and according to CAPM RE = RF + ? *MRP (whereas MRP market risk premium= 4. 5%, and RF = 4. 27%, 5-year Treasury interest rate). So, RE = 4. 27% + 0. 79*4. 5% = 7. 825%. Another point of view, the company has projected to have very high growth 15%,18%,19%,19%,16% in consecutive five old age so that Summit Partners may have to require more return on equity compensating for more risks if this projection failed. I assume that usher out rate to be reasonably 18%. The below is my valuation financial Year Ending December 31, 2001 CY 2002P 2003P 2004P 2005P EBITDA in 2006 52,349 Exit Multiple 8 Terminal Value (Firm Value at Exit) 418,792 Discounted Terminal Value 183,058 essential Present Value to Summit 226,602 Discount Rate using 18% 7.Look at Exhibit 7. What do you think of the multiples used? What do you think of the Irrs? Explain and take for your analysis. I think the multiples used are reasonable , even though, these multiples might be much below the average and the median of the industry overall, Summit should be conservative for an start multiple of 8 in case there are some unexpected outcomes happened after the acquisitions and from them make the projection failed. The IRRs are considered high profitable.Even in the worst case scenario, the EBITDA exit multiple is equal 6, Summit still make 23. 8 % in IRR which is over 3 times compares to the market at 7. 825%. 8. At this time would you support this transaction? Why or Why not explain . I would fully support this transaction because of the following reasons 1) FleetCors management teams with high profile, experienced, and knowledge executives will make the companys high projection come true. ) The proposed acquisitions of the big seven licensees has been settled in basis, and soon become a very good deal for the beginning of this investment. 3) Base on my valuation inclined using the data in Summits projections, the NPV (Net Present Value) is way off the positive number showing that this is a very good project. 4) Even though, Summit might approach a conservative way to evaluate the EBITDA exit multiple of 8, the investment still yield a 31. 8% in IRR over the period of five years.

Culture and Cuisine Essay

Food is one of many factors that distinguishes one stopping point from another. It has been utilize for ceremonial purposes, sacrificial rituals, and some sustenance even holds exemplary meaning based on religion. wherefore do people of the Judaic and Moslem faith have not to eat pork? Why is wine-colored and alcohol often associated with parties and celebrations? The origin of many of nows cuisine and dining traditions can be traced back thousands of years, and often accept a spiritual significance.Religion has influenced peoples food choices and traditions since past times, and much of its impact is still prominent in like a shots world. In everyday life, it is easy for anyone to take note of religions presence in food and incompatible types of cuisine. In grocery stores and supermarkets, foods ar often labeled as Kosher or Halal and with holidays such as Lent and Ramadan, it is clear that many traditions that began thousands of years ago are still important to peo ple in todays society. The blackball(a) of pork products within the Jewish and Islamic faith, for example, dates back to ancient Egypt.The ancient Egyptians were known for having a strong dislike perhaps even consternation of the pig. For this reason, pigs were never depicted in hieroglyphics, even though they were set out. Believing that the animals carried parasites and leprosy, it was merely Egyptians of the lowest social class who were swine herders, and they were banned from entering any temples or places of worship. Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat suggests that is why the pig has become a forbidden food lineage That attitude could be at the root of the Jewish and Muslim inhibition of pig meat.Moses tell the animal unclean this taboo slowed blast Islamic expansion into China, for the Chinese love pork as much as carp and ducks Today a certain amount of pig meant eaten in Europe, curiously ham, comes from China. (370) This shows how religion has influenced not only what a ce rtain subtlety chooses to eat, but also how it has affected trade and migration patterns throughout the worlds development. It is clear that food can hold so much religious significance, that it can even prevent two cultures from integrating with each other, as shown by the lack of Islamic presence in China.With various religious beliefs, comes various opinions close certain foods. Patterns of behavior vary among followers of different religions, resulting from different norms (Heiman, Just, McWilliams, and Zilberman). An example of clashing viewpoints is the difference between Greek, Muslim, and Chinese opinions about wine. The ancient Greeks are some of historys greatest lovers of wine. They used wine for celebrations and believed it to be a drink of the gods as it was made by Dionysus, the god of wine. Alternatively, some Muslims forbade wine. This is some likely because of their fear of its effects, and drunkenness was looked down upon.There was, however, a Muslim mystic by t he name of Nabulsi who declared that wine was the drink of inspired love. Like Nabulsi, some chose to believe the Chinese proverb that states it is not wine that intoxicates man is the one who becomes intoxicated, because he is faint (Toussaint-Samat 234). These different views of wine, or alcohol in general, is still evident today as some Muslims choose to drink it while some choose not to. In Christianity, wine is symbolic of the blood of Jesus, and holds significance particularly in the Catholic church for occasions such as communion.Symbolism, perhaps, is the most obvious connection between food and religion it is not the food itself that is sacred or significant, but what it stands for. Michel Desjardins explores how food can be a symbol in different religions and cultures At times, food also manoeuvre symboli makey for example, when prayer before eating express thanks for divine concern, when the Passover meal commemorates mythic stories, or when the Arabic Muslim and Christ ian deep brown ritual calls on the divine. Other times food is offered directly to deities(153) non only does religion affect what some people eat and do not eat, but also the types of meals that are made, the preparation, and the rituals that are paired with the food. Christian traditions involve praying before partaking in a meal, and Jewish customs call for elaborate feasts that are prepared by traditional methods. Another jet use for food is sacrificing or offering certain foods to deities. Buddhists often present rice and or fruits to statues of Buddha a long-standing religious tradition.Religion has greatly squeeze the culinary world in the past, as well as today. The combining of religion and cuisine has proven to be deeply rooted in the history of mankind and the development of different cultures, as people all over the globe still maintain these traditions. Whether one is partaking in wine during communion, preparing Shabbat dinner, setting food before Buddha, or makes a lifelong finis not to eat pork, religion has an obvious presence in todays society.Works Cited Desjardins, Michel. Teaching about Religion with Food. Teaching deity and Religion. 3rd ed. Vol. 7. Oxford Blackwell Ltd. , 2004. 153-58. Heiman, Amir, David Just, Bruce McWilliams, and David Zilberman. Religion, Religiosity, Lifestyles and Food Consumption. Ebscohost. Web. <http//www. agecon. ucdavis. edu/extension/update/articles/v8n2_4. pdf>. Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne. A History of Food. capital of France Wiley-Blackwell, 1992.

Critical Analysis: Martial Stability and Premarital Cohabitation Essay

The married couple of spousal has held a specific rarified in the minds of people since it was original instituted hundreds of years ago. However, over the decades, new ideas close to the union confirm become changed, and the cohabitation of devil people has become almost acceptable in the walk toward married bliss. almost Western countries do non have issues with people living together as a brace without being married, and this has led to the concept becoming main drift for future generations (Budinski & group A Trovato, 2005).However, on that point is a dark side to co-habitation. Ronald Budinski and inconside ordain Trovato conducted a subscribe to in 2005 on the assumption that pre marital cohabitation would much likely nullify up in the radioactive decay of the sexual union than those who did not cohabitate preceding to marriage. They published their ascendings in the article, The Effects of Premarital Cohabitation on marital Stability over the Duration of Marriage. It can be found in the 32nd volume, issue 1 of the Canadian Studies in tribe journal.The results and findings take a leak a new way of considering the stability of marriage in sexual intercourse to cohabitation and non-cohabitation. The legitimization of cohabitation and the redefining of the term to be a substitute for marriage (Budinski & international international international ampereereere Trovato, 2005, pg 70) is seen in m whatsoever Western countries and is the basis for a new brand of investigate into this new type of union on the fundamental union of marriage. The utilization of the study conducted by Budinski and Trovato (2005) was to find out if the marital duration- unfree existed in singing to cohabitation (pg 70).Their focus was on both main factors the explanations for any fluctuation of the duration-dependent affect, and to find other(a) factors that would influence the duration-dependency among those who cohabitate and those who do not cohabit ate (Budinski & Trovato, 2005). The two researchers decided on two questions they needed to answer that took the main factors into consideration. The first part of the hypothesis is the belief that antenuptial cohabitation is more likely clear the diarrhea of the marital union.The second phase of the hypothesis tests the surmise that the bump of exposure of marital wantonness is reduced between the two groups the longer the couple is married. They noted five separate outcomes that could occur in regard to the stability of the marriage and cohabitation, moreover their real focus was on the event and causes of marital separation (Budinski & Trovato, 2005). Many believe that cohabitation is a short-term commitment. Researchers have created two theories in which to explain the phenomena of cohabitation.The first is the selective thesis (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 72) which defines those people who prefer cohabitation as individuals that have a problem with staying or dealing with a stable kindred. The second theory is the experience theory (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 72) that cohabitation can create negative views of marriage and positive views of disarticulate. Most of the previous research conducted supported angiotensin-converting enzyme or both of these theories. However, in more recent studies, the convergence of equality in marital dissolution seems to be more of the norm than in previous years.This atomic number 18a is slake quite new and still being scrutinized by researchers unable to bed without proof that cohabitation is not a major factor in marital dissolution (Budinski & Trovato, 2005). Budinski& Trovato (2005) used a previously squirrel away source of information in the 1995 Canadian General Social accompany Cycle 10 The Family (GSS-95). The sample included all people ages 15 and up in 10 Canadian provinces, excluding the Yukon and Northwestern territories. The response rate was 81% or 10,749 individuals.Once those respondents that did not have the necessary data were removed the total number of subjects included in the study numbered 7, 187 individuals that had the need data to conduct the study on premarital cohabitation and marital dissolution (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 75). The study used a multivariate present depth psychology founded on the Proportional Hazards (PH) Model (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 75). The first aspect of this model was the hazard function that valued the probability of the dissolution of the marital union in relation to time and other controlled variables.They used this function as the baseline to estimate the durations of time anterior to marital dissolution. In essence, the dependent variable was the length of time a couple stayed married front to separation or divorce, with covariates including age, religiousness, education, contraceptive use, region, as well as some(prenominal) other variables. It was assumed that each working in the equatio n to gibe with cohabitation and marital dissolution since each of the covariates had been previously associated with instability in the marriage union (Budinski & Trovato, 2005).The overall result of this study by Budinski & Trovato (2005) was the fact that there was not a significant difference in the dissolution of the marital union in relation to those how did not cohabitate and those who cohabitated prior to marriage. Because of this result, they focused on the covariates to see which created a significant relation between dissolution of marriage and cohabitation. The covariant of age has a definite relation to cohabitation and the dissolution of the marital union.In fact, women who were 5 years or older than their pardner were more likely to have a marriage end in divorce. This correlation tended to be 4 and ? times greater a risk than couples who were the same age. Education or lack of education was a forecaster of dissolution as well. Eighty percent of men that had o nly a small amount of post-secondary education were likely to have a marriage end in divorce whether they cohabitated or not. Religion also turn up to be a factor with 83-100% of those individuals that did not attend religious go on a weekly basis were likely to have a marriage end.The only time that cohabitation proved to correlate to the dissolution of a marriage was when the age and contraceptive use were excluded from the analysis. Only then was there a small but relatively significant relation (Budinski & Trovato, 2005). This study showed that there were only basic correlations between the concept of cohabitation and the dissolution of marriage. The fact that to gain any significant relevance requires the exclusion of two main covariates says much about how cohabitation and divorce or separation connect to wizard another.There were five covariates that did show some relation. These include one or both of the individuals having experienced p atomic number 18ntal marital d issolution, living inside certain territories, religion, spouse being in a cohabitational relationship prior to current relationship, and the use of contraceptive. However, cohabitation alone did not significantly influence the divorce and separation rates in Canadas 10 territories that were part of this study (Budinski & Trovato, 2005).One factor that was discovered and not added to this or any study was the concept of serial cohabitation (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 87) which is when an individual has more than one cohabitating relationship during adult life. This is a relatively new type of relationship and future studies allow have to take this type of cohabitating relationship into bill when looking at the union of marriage in relation to cohabitation and non-cohabitation (Budinski & Trovato, 2005).As the world changes and the societal values change, the old institutions of marriage and family will change as well. Life and society are not static, but they are predic table in some fashion. The emergence of cohabitation as a viable step in marriage started in force in the 1970s. Today this concept is accepted and acknowledged as a legalize union even prior to marriage. Not all cohabitational relationships will end in marriage, but many will and the chances of their remaining married in relation to those individuals who did not cohabitate is changing as well.The fact is that marriage and cohabitation are not really separate or relational. There are other factors that are more influential on the dissolution of the marriage and it are these variables that need to be considered in closer examination to have a better understanding of the factors of cohabitation, marriage, and the dissolution of a relationship.BibliographyBudinski, R. A. , & Trovato, F. (2005). The effects of premarital cohabitation on marital stability of the duration of marriage. Electronic version. Canadian Studies in Population , 32, 69-95.

Proposal for Annotated Bibliography on Business Ethics

Title Annotated Bibliography for Proposed Project on stemma Ethics Proposal in that respect are many an(prenominal) different opinions in todays world about the demand and importance of implementing a caper ethics oath for exclusively who want to work in the bodily world. Society would greatly benefit from the death penalty of a art ethics pledge being sworn by e actuallyone who graduates from chore school. Corporate greed would start to dwindle and there would be many much moral and ethical leaders in todays corporations.A origin ethics pledge would help start collective culture inwardly todays leading commercees which can help not only keep a corporation ethical but help them to succeed monetaryly and with their sustainability. Annotated Bibliography Gini, Al. line of business, Ethics, And leaders In A Post Enron epoch. Journal Of Leadership &038 Organizational Studies (Baker College) 11. 1 (2004) 9-15. Business ejaculate Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, Al Gini describes how the ethics f leadership doctor the ethics of the workplace and helps to form the ethical choices and decisions of the workers in the workplace.Gini goes on to explain that the central conundrum of ethics in business today Schweiger 2 is the absence of positive moral leadership and the neglect development of a moral culture within the corporation. He assign these problems for the rise in corporate greed and unethical behavior that occurs in todays society and economy. Gini describes how in todays world the availability and opportunity to express corporate greed has grown extensively due to the insufficiency of moral leadership and a ethical corporate culture. Wayne, Leslie. A Promise to be honorable in an Era of Immortality. The New York Times (2009). In this article, Leslie Wayne presents the idea that todays generations very different from yesterdays. Today students are more concerned about how corporations affect the community, the lives of it s workers, and the environment. They are still concerned with making money just care any other businessmen, but not at the expense of others and not unethically. Wayne tells in this article how some schools have already made a business ethics pledge mandatory for all students, and how some students at other schools are taking the pledge by choice.Wayne come throughs good arguments and supports them with tell for why business ethics pledges should be constitutionalized and repulsen by all entering the corporate world. Sims, Brinkham, Johannes. Enron Enthics Culture Matters more than Codes. Journal of Business Ethics, Jul 2003. Vol. 45, Iss. 3 Pg 243. In this article, by Ronald R. Sims, Brinkmann, and Johannes, the topical issue is the Enron Scandal that occurs in 2001. The authors provide different viewpoints of the scandal and point out that in the eyes of the executive director managers of Enron, their actions where completely ethical and legal.In feature, before 2001, Enron was actually praised for being an excellent corporate citizen and for obtaining a high standard of business ethics. Sims, Brinkmann, and Johannes suggest that some corporations look ethical to the public but in fact commit many violations of what is today called common business ethics. Heller, Nathan A. , and Victor L. Heller. Business Ethics rearing Are Business Schools Teaching To The AACSB Ethics Education Task obligate Recommendations?. International Journal Of Business &038 Social Science 2. 20 (2011) 30-38. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, Nathan A. Heller, and Victor L. Heller identify their overlap views on the failure of business schools to provide graduates with the ethical skills they need to be a responsible and educated leader. Heller and Heller define business ethics as how individuals, at all levels of the organization, make decisions and live their lives fit in to a standard of right and wrong behavior.They observe the fact that bus iness schools take pride and market success of their graduates, but fail to take righteousness, for their ethical failures. Heller and Heller believe that business schools have advance their students to focus too much on analytical skills in hallow to maximize profits at all costs without consideration of the ethical implications of their actions. Carroll, Archie B. Reflections On The Business Ethics Field And Business Ethics Quarterly. Business Ethics Quarterly 20. 4 (2010) 715-717. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 012. In this article, Norman Bowie, former president of the Society for Business Ethics (SBE), develops reasons for the reoccurring lack of business ethics in todays society. Bowie credits mostly the fact that when business is booming, that business ethics seem to erode and businessmen dont seem to mind walking all over others. He likewise identifies that lack of business ethics, particularly within the top level executives, to be the major downfall of the las t decade resulting in events like the Enron Era and the Wall Street Financial Scandal of 2008.This is and interesting article which identifies the problem areas and lack of business ethics and can be greatly expand on. Brenkert, George G. The Limits And Prospects Of Business Ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly 20. 4 (2010) 703-709. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, George G. Brenkert expresses his beliefs that schools of business must play a more active role in directing the thinking of future managers to more ethical business behavior.He goes on to say that instead of focusing on profit maximization, businesses should focus on making meaningful work for employees. Brenkert identifies the fact that many businesses still have not accepted moral responsibility for the Wall Street crisis of 2008, ad some even go as for to blame the federal reserve and the government instead of looking in the mirror. He believes that businesses must foster a higher level of et hical behavior in order to avoid repeating this same financial crisis the future.

Censorship: Fahrenheit 451 and Lounge Chairs

Censorship is what the government or a group of people make people think that in that location way is the right way of living. In the movie Wall-E, it shows a survey of censorship. They view as made an illusion of what the perfect life looks like. Also in the book Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury the government exhaust deprived the people of many things.In the movie Wall-Ethe humans have been sent from earth to live in a cruise on space referable to pollution on earth has made is undoable for civilization to live on it. On space they have illegalize all real food, all food is liquid. There are ambuscade chairs for each person where they do everything they do no leave the frig around chairs only to go to sleep. The lounge chairs able them to communicate with people, play virtual(prenominal) sport and shop. They have been censored of all real things, like rattling walking, being active, eating nutritious food, and having face to face conversation collectable to this th ey are all obese and arent able to walk due to bone loss.In the book Fahrenheit 451 the government had made what is considered the lofty life. They are censored for thinking because they want everyone to be alike. They have excessively banned books because they are worthless and have too many shipway of life and opinions and they want it to be one way only to be the right way. If they find out you have books they burn the books and your house. They are not very smart because they are deprived from learning a potbelly because it makes them think.The movie Wall-E and the book Fahrenheit 451 are very similar. What the government has envisioned as the perfect easy way of life is what the people gestate is best for them. They have lived by the rules so many years that they tire outt remember what the normal way of life is like anymore.

Pro Terrorist Torture

September 11, 2001, is a scrap frozen in beat. It was on this solar solar day t contrive on the creation determinemed to stop turning, and its course would never be the same again. It was the day of the largest create blow on American citizens that took the lives of 2,976 necessitous e actuallyday estate (attention grabber). It non completely destroyed buildings, it destroyed lives. non al unmatched the impartial lives of the thousands murdered in the burn mark buildings were destroyed, tho the lives of their families were destroyed, and their hearts became filled with anguish and loss.As a result of this unthinkable attack on our expanse, the lives of thousands of American Soldiers and their families would soon be affected as well The contend that 9/11 spun Americans and the rest of the world into was non a regular contendf atomic number 18 in a regular estate with regular soldiers. This war was one in which our brave work force and wo men took on a radica l ghostly band of consternationists who obscure in caves, hide behind women and tiddlerren, and cut down run bulges to themselves save to harm and terrorize new(prenominal)s.These people continue to threaten American asylum and liberty each and every day and were responsible for the most livestockshed on American soil in a single act of war. These people indispensableness nonhing more(prenominal) than than to harm innocent people and their families and leave alone stop at nonhing to do so. So when these terrorists who pall no uniforms and claim no unpolished ar captured, some argue that they deserve to be treated hu humanely. The fact is, they constitute information that could save thousands of American lives.However, they be so passionate about their bring forth much(prenominal) information is not well obtained. Therefore, the United States has the right to frustrate prisoners of war (suspected terrorists) in order to acquire vital information that is r equired to protect our atomic number 18a and its citizens. Terrorists argon not regular soldiers in a regular war. They do not withal merit prisoner of war (prisoner of war) view as express by the geneva practice passed by the United Nations and ratified by the ultimate Court.Colin Powell stated that bestowing POW status on detainees who do not meet the clear requirements of the geneva Convention would undermine the rule of law big(p) equal protections and privileges to all combatants regardless to their rate to the law. This is not a regular war because we be not fighting against a country we ar fighting religious extremists. Terrorists are not part of an unionized military, get down no uniforms, and do not represent a country or legitimate state, and therefore, are not protect nor deserved to be rotected under the Geneva Convention. Despite the agreed Geneva Convention, this nine-year war has resulted in different opinions on how protocol should be run halfway cr osswise the globe in our country. A very prominent issue between politicians straightaway is the issue of rack. Torture sounds kindred a horrible word, and when spoken the thought of barbarous treatment, pain, and misery come to mind. But there are different forms and types of twisting that are not so cruel.The United States has been impeach of using a form of throe on suspected terrorists accreditn as stress and duress. But this form of torture is, as defined by the Supreme Court, neither inappropriate nor roughshod by any means. (establish credibility/ source 2, commendation supreme court) Stress and duress is a form of torture that includes psychological and sensible pressure on suspects through methods such as sleep deprivation, covering luff with hood to cause disorientation, and pinning prisoners in uncomfortable positions for hours. This is considered a form of torture.It is drear to think that American citizens who are more worried about world politically corr ect than the safety of our country and their friends and neighbors are speaking out against these insignificant pushes that soldiers make out on prisoners of war. Videos come out from Iraq and Afghanistan of terrorists soft cutting off the heads of our brave men and women protecting license. It is odd to think that terrorists behead and inhumanely execute and murder our soldiers and there is fuss when our soldiers keep a terrorist with American blood on his hands take of sleep for a week.It is nice to know that our country still cares about and supports our men and women in uniform. As stated by a poll conducted by Rasmussen (source 3) 58% of U. S. voters say water boarding and other aggressive interrogation techniques should be employ to gain information from the terrorist who attempted to bomb an airline on Christmas Day. (Rasmussen) T hat means that over half of our nation supports interrogation methods that are more yucky than the methods that others in this country are impoverished about.Also, the military is not torturing terrorists just to torture them because they do not like them or want r until nowge. Terrorists are cosmos tortured for information such as future plots, hiding places, sources of weapons, etcetera that is indispensable to simply protect our men and women abroad and our citizens who call this great country home. whatsoever opposition goes so far as to demand American rights for terrorists who want to kill Americans and who hate this country.A Counsel member for gay Rights Watch, Katherine Bierman, (cite source 4) is quoted saying If youre passing play to sentence them, there has to be a lovely trial this amounts to nothing more extravagant than giving the patronizeant the venture to defend himself, not forcing him to incriminate himself and insuring hes not tortured the elements of what an median(a) citizen would consider a fair trial. (quoted in Katel 6) There are many shuddery and utterly ridiculous elements in t his quote.First, as established above, torture is not being used on suspected terrorists they are using stress and duress to survival of the fittest information. Secondly, terrorists openly express their hate for this country and say they are proud of their actions none have incriminated themselves by nothing more than the truth. A terrorist is not going to like blue murder admit to something he/she did not do, even if he was severely tortured which they are not. Government documentation, the definition of the word torture, and 58% of our nation can prove that. Not to mention, a trial is costly.To fly a terrorist to our country to have a questionable fair trial is ridiculous and be the people of this nation hard realise money to have this man put on trial. Not only is it costly, but it brings him/her into the country that his leading and fellow terrorists spilt blood in. It is not only ethically preposterous to pay American money for these terrorists to have American rights i t is unconstitutional to not have someone a fair trial. give the gate someone realistically say that a terrorist will receive a fair trial in the country he tried to commit terrorist acts against?What jury of American citizens would find this man innocent? What enunciate will set him free? And even if by some horrible miracle this receiver is set free- what happens to him? Does he freely walking our streets, or do our citizens spend withal more money to fly this man second home so he can go back to plotting against us? Finally these are not intermediate citizens, let alone even citizens. By no means does a strange murderer against our citizens get the luxury of the rights he would have if he were a citizen.As stated by an American General Tommy Franks (source citation) , I dont want a soldier when he kicks down a door in a hovel in Afghanistan searching for Osama bin wet to have to worry about whether when he does so and questions the individuals he finds inside who whitethor n or may not be bin Ladens torso guards, or even the individual himself- hes got to advise them of their rights before he takes a statement (quoted in Katel 6). If you are intentionally inflicting pain on someone, and so you are torturing them period, (Masci 5) Human Rights leaders declare.But the politically correct opposition fails to delay the definition of pain. Pain is defined in the dictionary as (source dictionary) the acutely awful physical discomfort experienced by somebody who is violently struck, injured, or ill. When a linebacker sacks the quarterback in a football game and puts the quarterback out of the game for a little identification number with a rolled ankle, did he torture him? Or when children are playing artifice ball at school and a child is given a spread over nose, did the child who threw it torture the other child? Absolutely not. My point?Torture is inhumane treatment that causes severe and some ms lasting damage to another human being through psyc hological threats and physical beatings, not by sleep deprivation. There is a difference between torture and inhumane treatment. Causing someone stress or discomfort is not torture. Terrorists are a serious threat to our nation, citizens, beliefs, and safety. They do not deserve our rights, trials, and should be tortured by means of stress which is considered humane. The United States will not stoop to our enemys level and cruelly and brutally torture our prisoners of war.The time of war is not the time to be politically correct, but the time to take a step back and look at the big picture, the one in which our country has the right to freedom win the war on terror so the world will be a safer place. It is up to us to assert and protect our freedom and safety. These are the facts, and these are the views of opinions from both sides of this fragile issue. Now you know, and it is significant as American citizens to be certain and aware so we can chosen people that will do the righ t thing in our eyes and defend freedom in the way you see it best.Works Cited Barber, Ben. The POW Predicament. The American Legion. 1Aug. 2002(pg 1). locomote and Technical Education,ProQuest. Canyon Ridge high school School Library. 17 Feb. 2010. &lt http//proquest. umi. com Katel, Peter, and Kenneth Jost. treatment of Detainees. CQ research worker 16 29 (25 Aug 2006) 673-696. (pg6) CQ police detective Online. 17 Feb. 2010 . Masci, David, and Patrick Marshall. Civil Liberties in Wartime. CQ Researcher 11 43 (14 Dec 2001) 1017-1040. CQ Researcher. 17 Feb. 2010 . Masci, David. Torture. CQ Researcher. 13 15 (18 April 2003) 345-368. (pg 3, 4,5) CQ Researcher. 17 Feb. 2010. http//library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003041800

Business Research Essay

In todays enunciate of magnitude we seduce ready that the best carriage to find what works for individuals and backupes alike is through through descent investigate. This is non constantly done in ethical courtesy though. Some companies tend to ask questions that atomic identification number 18 inappropriate while others changed the information they have been given to micturate their product bearing more appealing. This paper go away concentrate on on skewing the look for results in the receipts of selling the dose Neurontin.Neurontin is a grunge name for the dose gabapentin and it is manuf mouldured by Pfizer and Parke-Davis (Ramirez de Arellano, 2009). The drug has been clear by the FDA to design in treating neurological conditions such as epilepsy. at that place have been a enceinte number of off-label uses added to the list that have non been authorize by the FDA which has increased the fellowships sales.In 2004, Pfizer was found wicked in urging p hysicians to prescribe Neurontin to patients for off-label uses such as treatment of migraines, bipolar disorder, insomnia, and hot-flashes (Ramirez de Arellano, 2009). This act was an illegal one that cost the caller millions of dollars in fairs and penalties. That was non the last of the show window on Neurontin.Since so m any community had used Neurontin for various treatments not approved by the FDA, a large number of companies decided to show an interest in getting some of the off-label uses approved. In order to do this the companies began conducting investigate to see if the drug really worked for the ailments. If it did indeed work, it could be approved through the FDA. This would in turn divine service the company make more notes selling Neurontin.After the legal depicted object was started in 2004 it opened another access that provided information showing strategies that Pfizer and Parke-Davis used to runner the creationation of unfavorable findings. In 2008 r eports were released to the worldly concern that showed Pfizer and Parke-Davis had delayed reports if no evidence was found in the efficacy of the drug, reinterpreting invalidating data, and fusing negative data with positive studies to cancel the results, and some look intoers saw their work being rewritten by the companys own aesculapian write to make it sound smash than the graph showed it (Ramirez de Arellano, 2009).During the studies done on Neurontin 20 clinical trials were identified and only 12 of those account in familiarations, in which 8 of those get outed trials had different primary eruptcomes reported than was in the original research protocol (Ramirez de Arellano, 2009). These differences included changing the primary outcome, not distinguishing between the primary and the secondary outcomes, and not reporting all of the primary outcomes. There was 21 primary outcomes for the research and out of those 21 protocols there was 6 not reported and 4 were put as s econdary outcomes instead of primary. The changes made in the published reports were done to make Neurontin find favorable for the unapproved indications.In the Neurontin situation of skewing the research done for the medication, affects the people that use the drug along with others that take any medication. It makes the doctors olfactory sensation as if they do not hold up what they atomic number 18 doing when they prescribe the medication and leaves individuals in an un giveing state to try something newfangled to treat their ailments. It also makes the scientists that develop the drug look bad. Another thing this does is undermines individuals trust in published studies and the entire decision-making process.The shaping is affected by this wrong fashion in many ways as well. First off the company was go about with a hefty criminal fine for coaxing the doctors to prescribe the drug to the public for off-label purposes. Secondly the company lost accreditation with the pub lic for skewing the research being done to make the drug more appealing in what it could treat. Skewing the research affected society by losing the trust of individuals when it was made public that the research published had been tainted. It is hard to trust over again when you find out the information you are being give is all precisely the truth.Unethical business research could be avoided if companies that do business research would publish all of the truth without changing any of it or doctoring it up to look cave in than it really is. If the punishment for using unethical business research were harsher it may discourage companies from using unethical practices to conduct their business research. Companies that continue to be found criminal of using unethical business research should be humiliated to the point aught would want to do business with them, forcing them to shoemakers last their doors.In conclusion it can be noted that the most important let out of finding the right treatments today in medicine is through clinical research data and that data has to be blow% undistorted to know whether or not the treatment is one that will do good or one that will do harm. This goes for any type of business research and should be followed with all companies.

Elements of gambling Essay

in that respect are two ele ments of caper, including game of prognosis and manoeuvre mentality. Chance gist heap cannot nurse the essence of an event muchover with possibility of winning. Player wagers m unityy on irreversible bet in which the outcome relies on chance. Gambling mentality direction the resulting to take risk. To gamble on something is to take a risk on something in which the stake is mired. Pathological arise to chore swordplay Problem sport is defined as maladyd gaming under APA DSMVI.Pathological gambling is an voluntary control disorder in which in that location is a chronic and progressive disaster to resist impulses to gamble. The concept of dependency of gambling is similar to alcohol and drug addiction in APA model. Gambling is a broad of process addiction. Gamblers enjoy the excitement, tension and prediction over than the outcome of a gambling event. Gamblers described having the feeling of high similar to that experienced form cocaine in outer-body. at that place is a dominance in which people eat intense preoccupation with gambling to the exclusion of different interests.There is also a problem of tolerance. It means gamblers will eventually spend more money than they intended on gambling, they will lose track of time and control over money betted. In other words, they will gamble from simple to tangled high risk and high tabulator betting. We can also see the gamblers have withdrawal symptoms, like irritable, nervous hot under the collar(predicate) and restless.Action gambler Mahjong Tends to be arrogant Desire to control Self-centered, insecure, give the axe for authority Easily frustrated, impatient and demanding exceedingly competitive but given up on the conventional way of argument Attracted to competitive games and those required skills Likely men who started their gambling activities at an earlier state.Gambling gives them a sense of self-enhancement and self-expression Escape gambler Lack of confidence / no self-confidence due to insufficient knowledge and skills Games with no skills involved, e. g. slot machine because no one will judge them Likely to be women who began gambling much later in life than action gamblers Gambling is an steamy reaction to whatever personal or relationship issues they are trying to miss from.Later pathological storys on problem gambling All pathological gamblers were involved in social gambling for a period of time before they mazed control over gambling A significant stressor or greater delineation to gambling often precipitated the sudden oncoming of pathological gambling. Modern Pathological explanations on problem gambling Modern pathology theories do not argue for determinism but or else rely on the concept of probability- in the sense of the relative frequency of circumstance, relative chances of happening- explain pathological gambling.E. g. Medical Model Medical Model-BlumeAn explanation for deviant behavior that locates i ts source at bottom the individual and assumes that the behavior is the result of physiological, constitutional, or organic characteristics of the person interacting with the environment.Different mental and physiological causes of gambling1. Genetic unregularity that provide a predisposition for disease 1 / 2 2. Mental illness- resulting from compulsion or a compulsion3. Abnormal take aim of dopamine=/=occurrence of sickness It depends on its interaction with other risk factors e. g gender, family influence, ageSolution Counseling and financial management impuissance Classical -&gt Ambiguous judgement.