Family diversity in today’s society Essay Example for Free

Family diversity in nowadayss society EssayExamine the extend,of and the reasons for family diversity in todays society. many another(prenominal) sociologists grapple that the nuclear family is a universal and dominate institution however thither has been an sum up in various family types for various reasons. Examples of these divers(prenominal) families are lone bring ups, reconstitutions and cohabitation families. Although most bulk experience life in a nuclear family, it represents only a st get along in their life cycle. Social and demographic salmagundis have meant that an increase part of umpteen peoples exists are spent in plates that are non ground on accomplished nuclear families. Firstly the increase of superstar parents (lone parents) has tripled since 1970s in the UK. About 25% of all families with dependent children are unity-parent families. There are various reasons which contribute to the increase of wizard line but one main one is the demograph ical changes in the UK, is divorce. Divorce was legalised in the early 1970s and as a consequences it is cheaper and easier to get a divorce and this one of the explanations for the growth in lone-parent families since the early 1970s. Whereas in the early(prenominal) it would take years to get a divorce and in time then the outcome was non constantly fair. Feminist argue that diversity is judged and liberal as it gives women a choice.They akinwise argue that this not only benefits women but en as well as they can have to a greater extent clip with the child and care for their children, then in the past that was only seen as the women job. However these traditional value are stilled established by ethnic groups not so much. An some otherwise reason for the increase in single parent families is due to greater acceptance in society. There is no longer as stigma that you have conceives a child with in marriage. This is interlinked with secularisation, which room the decline i n religious trust and thinking. Therefore religion has very pocketable influence over people lives thereof they have a wider picking in regards to the type of family they chose. The media also contributes the greater acceptance of single-parents as it depicts them in a tyrannical light today, whereas in the past were it was seen as sinful. The increase is in single parent families is also due to help of the welfare state. The welfare state provides the single parent finical support hence taking the position or the role of the father. As a result women no longer deficiency to rely on men or marriage for support. The increase in never married single mother now accounts for about 40% of all lone parents.Although Britain has become more(prenominal) diverse singleparenthood is still not accepted by everyone. The new right thinker Charles Murray (1984) argues that the increase in lone-parents is due to the over generosity of the welfare state as they have provide for both the paren t and their children. Murray argue that this creates perverse incentive, that is rewarding irresponsible behaviour hence creating a dependency stopping point in which people assume that the state will support them. One of the consequences of the lone parent family is grade families (often called reconstituted families) which accounts to about 10% of families with the dependent children in the UK. A reconstituted family is made up of an adult couple, sustainment with at least one child from a previous relationship of one of the partners.However although there is an increase in diverse family types the stepfamily are more at risk of poverty because the stepfather would have to provide for his new step children and his children form a previous relationship. In addition a difference in gender has contributed to the increase in family diversity. Gay and lesbian households have become more common and more pleasant in society than in the past. As Jeffrey Weeks, Donovan and Heaphey di d their study in 1999 they argue, During the past generation the possibilities of invigoration an openly lesbian and gay have been transformed. According to Weeks et al (1999) the same sex families look upon their household and friendship network as a chosen family. Same sex families have more option than the conventional heterosexual family and others see these families and an alternative and continuous devolving. Weeks et al argues that this part of a wider social change which can be based on culture and ethnic difference.Another sociologist called Roseneil (2005) develops the idea of chosen your witness family. She uses the term hetronorm to refer to the intimate relationship between a heterosexual couple is seen as normal. Cheal (2002) notes that many gays and lesbians are legally allowed to adopt nevertheless many want to retain status of difference because they whitethorn feel that by adopting a child they are being regulate or moulded to portray a heterosexual family. Anot her main reason in why same- sex families increase is the decline in secularisation because some religions condemn homosexuality and now less people are religious in the UK they are more acceptant of homosexuals. Another type of family is singletons this means that when someone lives by themselves. About 3 in 10 household contains one person. The reasons forthese changes are the increase in separation and divorce has created more 1 person households especially with men under 65 because children are more likely to live with their mother. Also the decline in marriage and the trend in marrying later because people are living longer hence there are more people that are single. Stein (1976) argues the growing enactment of people choosing to be single is a delibe rove choice.However, while many of these choose to remain single some are alone because e there are few partners available in their age group. Furthermore, another type of household is living apart unitedly. It is often assumed that those living alone do not have a partner. However the researcher by Duncan and Phillips (2208) anchor that 1 in 10 adults are living apart together and has become increasingly common. Living apart together is a significant relationship, but not married or cohabiting. Duncan and Phillips found that some couple cannot live together for finical reason and the minority actively chose to live apart may be because they want to note their home as a security because if the relationship does not work then at least they have a home to go to. Nonetheless although there are various other families it does smash up the existence of the nuclear family as they are still common but it has changed hence becoming more modern.Perspectives like the functionalist and new right as described to be modernist because they see modern society. The nuclear family has shaped and changed to fit society which helps maintain it by performing some essential functions. According to Chester (1985), there was little evidence that people were choosing to live on a long-term basis in alternatives to the nuclear family. However, he did accept that some changes were taking place in family life. In particular, many families were no longer conventional in the sense that the husband was the sole breadwinner. He accepted more women are out operative to finical support their family. He called this new family form, in which wives have got jobs, the neo-conventional family. Although many people are not part of the nuclear family at one time in the life is largely due to the life-cycle. Many people who are currently living alone i.e. widows, singleton or those who are yet to get married, were every part of a nuclear family in the past or will be in the future. Chester argues that the statistics is lead and does not portray that most people will spend a major part of their life in a nuclear family.The extended family is another type of family which is threegenerations living together. The extended family was strongest in working-class families. It is less important today because of geographical mobility, but research by Finch and Mason (1993) shows that affinity ties are still important for most. They also receive finical help from extended family and they also found that the women are more actively involved with extended family. Wilmot (1988) did his study on the dispersed extended family and the beanpole family. Wilmot (1988) argues that there are four main types of extended family extended family of residence where the members live in the same household, the local extended family where 2 or 3 nuclear families live separately but in keep out proximity and see each other often, the dispersed extended family nuclear families who see each other frequently but live further apart and do not see each other as regularly and the attenuated extended family similar to the dispersed extended family but the contact is even less frequent. Brannen (2003) argues that there is a stron g intergenerational links between generations mainly because people are living longer.However the links between the intragenerational links between siblings, cousins etc. were somewhat weaker. Therefore Brannen characteristic coetaneous family structure as being long and thin and she compares it to the beanpole. A beanpole family is a nuclear family with one or two children who maintain regular contact with grandparents. Furthermore another concept which has contributed to the increase in diverse families is culture diversity. Theres is an increase of people with different ethnic background hence this means there alternative family forms and living arrangements. Ghazala Bhatti carries out her study in 1999 on Asian families living in the southern England. She found that the conflict between generations has created a new family type as the children may not marry someone with the same background. However Bhatti stresses that these families were not the norm. Within black families the re is high rate of female-headed houses, lone-parent black families has sometimes been seen as evidence of disorganisation which link back to slavery. This is because under slavery when people were taken the children would stay with their mothers.Also due to high rate of unemployment among black men has meant that they cannot provide for their family which as a consequence lead to high rates of desertion or marital breakd stimulate. Also among Asian families their household do contain three generation but most are in occurrence nuclearrather than extended families. Larger Asian households also to some extent reflect the value placed on the extended family in Asian cultures. These differences are likely to have resulted from the fact that many Asian immigrants have come from a traditional agricultural economy where family patterns are more like pre-industrial Britain. Thus, minority ethnic families have not just contributed to family diversity through each group having its own disti nctive family pattern. They have also contributed to it through developing diverse family patterns within each ethnic group.